Native American Graves Protection And Repatriation Act Essay

As persons travel through the state of Kansas, one would gather the sense that the state has a history that began with the settlement of European-Americans during the 19th Century as there is little roadside advertising stating the contrary. Kansas, for centuries, was a land where many Native American tribes that lived, fought, and died. Subsequently, the city of Wichita is a good example of this. It is known as a large city of Kansas and not known as the name of a Native American tribe. The fact of the matter is that the Wichita tribe aided in the establishment of a trading post that led to the development of the current metropolitan city. One would be total unaware that the state of Kansas played a major role in the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (1990). Unless one drives by one of the tribal casinos, one would not be aware that Kansas proudly has four Native American reservations. In reality, for centuries the state of Kansas has held a rich history and future as a Native land. Kansas is a Native land because prior to the European-American settlement of Kansas, many Native American tribes thrived within Kansas. The fact is, centuries ago, Kansas was occupied by Native Americans who thrived in large villages or as flourishing nomads who followed the large herds of buffalo roaming Kansas grasslands. The land, now called Kansas, had been home to many Native American peoples. The Arapaho, Cheyenne, Comanche, Kansa, Kiowa, Osage, Pawnee, CuartelejoShow MoreRelatedKennewick Man and the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)1057 Words   |  5 Pagesis one of the most complete ancient skeletons found to date. The discovery initiated scholarly and public debate of the legal and ethical implications of anthropological study of Native American human remains. The Kennewick Man controversy has called into question the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)’s ability to balance tribal, m useum, and archaeological interest in ancient human remains. Kennewick Man was found on July 28, 1996 below Lake Wallula, a section of theRead MoreNative American Graves Protection And Repatriation Act2852 Words   |  12 Pagesthe Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) is. It then examines the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria giving a brief history. It also discusses the Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria’s termination due to the Termination policy and California Rancheria Act of the 1950s. It also discusses the importance of regaining federal recognition applied to the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. 3 Introduction Native Americans haveRead MoreThe Native American Graves Protection And Repatriation Act Of 1990 And Minnesota Statute 307.083436 Words   |  14 Pages The following writing sample is an excerpt from the second chapter of my departmental honors thesis â€Å"The Reliability of Five Commonly Used Ancestral Techniques and their Implications Regarding the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 and Minnesota Statute 307.08†. Chapter II Review of Techniques Interorbital Features Method Over the years, several techniques involving the analysis of human skeletal remains for the purposes of ancestral classification have been developedRead MoreKennewick Man1051 Words   |  5 Pageslocal Native American communities to contact officials about the discovery. One bone fragment was sent to the University of California, Riverside, to be dated by a destructive test on August 5th. Early analysis reports upon the now irreparably damaged bone fragment dated the skeletal remains to be approximately 8,400 years old. The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, the agency responsible for the land where the remains were recovered took official possession On September 2nd. A group of five Native AmericanRead MoreEssay on Controversial Findings748 Words   |  3 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On Thursday, January 13, 2000 it was announced that studies of the Kennewick Man were complete and dated to 9,320 and 9,510 years old, making it Native American therefore making it subject to the Nativ e American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) which refers to defining the term Native American, and who remains found to be Native American should belong to. In a letter to the Corps of Engineers the National Park Service said that the remains would be subject to NAGPRA, thus giving theRead MoreThe Conflict Of Science And Belief Systems, Preferential Treatment1532 Words   |  7 Pagesof certain American Indian groups, there has been conflict in the actual excavation of artifacts, preventing physical evidence from being utilized for limitless amounts of scientific conclusion. There has been disharmony in the idea of ownership and increased distrust, which is most likely in part due to the American Indians’ deeply regrettable historic relationship with the United States government. This led to the creation of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, which accordingRead MoreTensions Between Science And Religion1582 Words   |  7 PagesAmong this group of people fall the Native Americans. Archaeologists, on the other hand, think we should uncover the burial site to be able to discover more about the history of the land from which the grave lies. The Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act was signed into law on November 1990 by President George Bush. This legislation is the result of decades of effort by American Indians to protect the burial sites of their ancestors against grave desecration and to recover the remainsRead MoreThe True Destiny Of American Settlers953 Words   |  4 PagesSpanish already settled Florida, but the Native Americans also known as Indians have already inhabited America. From this awareness of â€Å"New Found Land† English settlers intruded on Native American land and took over America under what was called manifest destiny. In the 19th century United States, Manifest Destiny was a belief that was widely believed that the true destiny of American settlers was to expand and move across the continent to spread American traditions and their institutions, alongRead MoreNative Americans : The New World Essay1909 Words   |  8 Pageswith Native Americans has been a constant with o utsiders since explorers first â€Å"discovered† the New World. The biggest surge in this fascination came in the mid-19th century when the Indian Wars were starting to come to an end and the belief that Native Americans were disappearing, walking into the sunset never to be seen again. This led to an increase in the collecting of anything Native American, from artifacts to stories to portraits. The inevitable outcome of this was that Native Americans, whoRead MoreThe Book Skull Wars By Kennewick Man962 Words   |  4 Pagesits relationship between American Indians and European Descent. This novel reveals the underlying truth, hardship and reality of who Christopher Columbus once called Los Indios. In the book Skull Wars by Kennewick Man, Brian Fagan’s Statement of the rewriting of the past can relate to Skull Wars in numerous ways. I Agree with his statement and believe that if we do not care or learn about what has really happened in the past, why would it be so hard for mainstream American society to feed us misinterpreted

Analysis Of Dove s Self Esteem - 1476 Words

Confidence Is Key Attracting young people has always been more a challenge for campaigns and organizations. Capturing the focus of these young people to communicate a message effectively has always been a priority of campaigns and organizations. Sometimes however, instead of communicating a message the priority is addressing a social problem. A social problem such as young girl’s lack of self-esteem. With the power of Dove’s Self Esteem Workshop they are helping young females to love their look and to feel comfortable in their own skin. Dan Savage and Urvashi Vaid are founders of It Gets Better and Action Makes It Better for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. Better meaning life in general and feeling more comfortable with who they are. We use Savage and Vaid’s strategies to benefit Dove’s Self Esteem Workshop to help young girls to improve their confidence and like the way they look, and by improving their self-confidence they will not miss ou t on events while growing up or suffer believing the cruel words from others. Dove’s Self Esteem project was made for young girls because more young girls struggle with having low self-esteem between the ages of seven to seventeen than most people realize. Not having good self-esteem takes a toll on young girls and causes them to miss out on many opportunities while growing up. Dove stated â€Å"six in ten girls avoid participating in fundamental life activities because of concerns about the way they look†. I found this veryShow MoreRelatedDove Case Analysis1102 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT analysis: Strengths: Weaknesses: †¢ Unilever’s worldwide establishment †¢ Unconventional marketing strategy †¢ Word of mouth and Word of Mouse free publicity †¢ Campaign has a strong emotional touch †¢ Social responsibility- Dove established self esteem fund, which conducted self esteem workshops along with Girl Scouts to improve the self esteem of girls †¢ Dove’s brand loyalty †¢ Best known for functional superiority, i.e. beauty bar which does not dry the skin †¢ Changing perceptions of peopleRead MoreDove Marketing Analysis1348 Words   |  6 PagesDove Case Analysis 1. Imagine you have oversight of the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty. Are you comfortable with what is going on? Is this a brand that is out of control with its promotional messages? Dove released its first advertising on 1957, in which Dove called its product as cleaning cream instead of soap. After that, Dove launched some advertising to emphasized on its functional feature. In 2000, Dove became a Masterbrand of Unilever. In other words, it had to establish a meaningRead MoreDove Campaign for Real Beauty1327 Words   |  6 PagesDove Campaign For Real Beauty 2004 to 2006 Case Evaluation Situation Analysis In 2004 , In England, Dove started the Campaign For Real Beauty , with the aim to make women feel confident about their physical appearance no matter their age and their size. Target Audience All women regardless their size and their age. Research To get to know their audience, Dove begin a study about how women fell about their physical appearance. The conclusion was that women feel that physical attractivenessRead MoreDove Marketing Mix1632 Words   |  7 Pagesfor women, and Dove promise that their products will enhance women’s beauty (Bhasin, 2016). Some of Dove’s products are (Bhasin, 2016): ââ€"  Facial care products - Dove Deep Pure Face Wash ââ€"  Hair care products - Dove Oxygen Moisture Conditioner ââ€"  Lotions - Dove Go Fresh Bathing Lotion, Dove Purely Pampering Shea Butter, and Warm Vanilla Body Lotion ââ€"  Beauty bars - Dove Go Fresh Bathing Bar and Original Cream Beauty Bathing Bar ââ€"  Body wash - Dove Go Fresh Body Wash ââ€"  Deodorants - Dove Original AntiperspirantRead MoreDove Real Beauty1252 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary: Dove decided to differentiate itself though an unconventional new campaign titled â€Å"The Campaign for Real Beauty,† that challenges the traditional beauty marketing tactics of idealized and unattainable beauty standards. The campaign proved to be wildly successful and can be attributed to Dove’s careful market research, planning, and implementation. This case is examined through the neo-classical framework that I have used in other classes in examining cases that have alreadyRead MoreHips Feel Good3278 Words   |  14 PagesMARKETING MANAGEMENT Case Study 2 â€Å"Hips Feel Good† – Doves Campaign for Real Beauty July 9, 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Problem Statement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Data Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Alternatives Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Key Decision Criteria†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Action and ImplementationRead MoreThe Dove Campaign For Real Beauty1504 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Dove campaign for Real Beauty was the brainchild of Ogilvy Mathers, Edelman Public Relations and Harbinger Communications (to be referred to as simply Ogilvy) and the project was known as the â€Å"Evolution† campaign. The marketing campaign began in 2004 under the corporation known as Unilever. This diversified conglomerate is the parent company to the Dove Company’s line of beauty and body products. The campaign began as a result of survey conducted in which only 2% of women believedRead MoreDoves Marketing Strategies For Womens Self Esteem All Over The World1318 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction Dove is a personal care brand owned by Unilever, the biggest global brand. Dove was established in 1957 in USA with revolutionary beauty cleansing bar (Unilever, 2014). The brand s namesake bird is Dove’s logo. Dove now offers a wide range of products from bar soap, lotion, shampoos to liquid shower gel (Adbrands, 2013). Offerings are produced in more than 80 countries around the world, including Thailand and USA. Its latest campaign sets out to redefine the perception of beautyRead MoreMass Media And Its Influence On Consumer Culture1497 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Consumer researchers have recognized that people consume in ways that are consistent with their sense of self (Sirgy, 1982). Consumption is not only a tool to obtain the value of goods and display social status, but also is closely related to self-identity. In the consumer culture, customers no longer just shop because of their needs. The desire of individual s self-development and self-taught continue to stimulate the consumption. People change themselves as much as possible by buying new goodsRead MoreDue To The Extensive Amount Of Harm That Photo Manipulation1731 Words   |  7 Pages Due to the extensive amount of harm that photo manipulation causes, it is an ethical issue. Digital photo manipulation in women causes widespread harm, long-lasting damage to women s self-esteem and other negative psychological thought processes. Research has also found that it causes a large number of eating disorders. It does this by making women chase the ideal, thin body image that is being portrayed in the different pictures and advertisements. There was a study done that examined both the

Hemmingway Essay Research Paper Ernest HemmingwayJessica SheeranErnest free essay sample

Hemmingway Essay, Research Paper Ernest Hemmingway Jessica Sheeran Ernest Hemmingway was non merely a great American author but he was besides a great showman. His unblushing self-promotion made him a famous person beyond the universe of literature. Although his life was a normal one as a kid, Hemmingway developed into a great author and with that he got acknowledgment from the universe, which he traveled invariably. Despite his decent upbringing and success in life, in the ulterior old ages of his life, he broke down and ended his life. The Oak Park vicinity of Chicago was an mean topographic point to populate and turn up in. Hemmingway was born at that place on July 21, 1899, to his parents Clarence and Grace Hemmingway. His male parent, a physician by twenty-four hours and a huntsman by season, passed on to the immature Hemmingway a love for the out-of-door life. His female parent, a rigorous Protestant, continually tried to prosecute her boy to hold the same beliefs as herself but he rebelled against her and faith. We will write a custom essay sample on Hemmingway Essay Research Paper Ernest HemmingwayJessica SheeranErnest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His high school yearss were similar to many Americans at that clip and it was non until subsequently in his life that he was anything more than norm. In the interim, World War 1 was on the heads on many Americans, including Ernest Hemmingway? s. He decided to function his state and aid but when he went to registry, he was rejected due to his hapless vision. This incident did non forestall him from being included in the war, he found an gap as a Red Cross worker and took advantage of that, abandoning his occupation at the Kansas City Star. While he was on responsibility, he was injured and brought to a infirmary where he met his first love, nurse Agnes von Kurowsky. After the war, he returned place and began composing once more. He so met Hadley Richardson and married her in 1921. The twosome so moved to Paris in order for Ernest to compose for the Toronto Daily Star. In Paris, he wrote his first well-known novel, The Sun Besides Rises. Along with his new book, he besides married a new married woman, Pauline Pheiffer, editor of V ogue magazine. The lived in Key West, Florida for near to twelve old ages and while they were they Hemmingway produced novels such as A Farewell to Weaponries and For Whom the Bell Tolls. In 1932, Death in the Afternoon was published, a novel about Hemmingway? s new involvement, bull combat. He felt his life needed some exhilaration in it so he felt an African campaign was the reply. A divorce from Pauline and a matrimony to Martha Gelhorn was the following measure. However, this did non last really long, in fact, a short piece subsequently, Hemmingway married once more to Mary Welsh, doing her his 4th and concluding married woman. ? Grace under force per unit area? , Was a slogan that was good respected by many at the clip, including Ernest Hemmingway. In fact, it was the slogan that Hemmingway based his life on. After going around the universe and take parting in many? manfully? activities, he put together a short narrative entitled Old Man and the Sea. This piece became an blink of an eye hit to the populace, puting Hemmingway back in the limelight that he so much adored. Not merely did he bask composing literature, he besides had a avocation of making images of himself for the public by composing columns in work forces? s magazines, portraying himself as a adult male? s adult male. The public took good to him, presenting him the Noble Prize for literature in 1954, an event which no uncertainty boosted his self-importance. While he was populating in Florida, he was informed that his male parent had killed himself. This, to Hemmingway was a shame to his slogan, ? Grace under pressure. ? In the terminal nevertheless, Hemmingway besides broke down and did the same thing. The ulterior old ages in his life, showed Ernest as a different character, or in unusual tempers and confronting depression, which may hold led up to this event. To most, Hemmingway will be remembered as an outstanding author with a triping personality. His many authoritative novels will be read in schoolrooms everyplace for a long clip to come, turn outing his accomplishment. Even though he painted himself black at the terminal, his work is still reflecting.

Australian Competition and Connection Consumer Commission

Question: Discuss about the Australian Competition and Connection Consumer Commission. Answer: Introduction: Coles is a huge brand in Australia and the provisions of the Competition and Consumer Act, 2010, (Cth) apply on the company. To meet with the regulatory compliance of this act, Coles has opted for a few strategies. These strategies include providing better shopping experience to its customers, improving the quality by use of fresher produce and offering better value by lowering the prices of weekly shopping basket. The Annual Report of Coles for the financial year 2015 stated its objectives as delivering a better store network; focus on freshness and creating trusted value. By supplying better quality products, Coles is working towards creating trusted value. Coles Online is a part of the company which also shares the same strategy of providing better services, by making shopping easy for its customers. This strategy has a clear and strong focus on delivering savings to its customers. Coles Express had introduced trusted Every Day Value pricing in its stores for fulfillment of this strategy (Coles, 2015). The slogans of the company, used from time to time are aligned with the, objectives of the Act. Whether it is the slogan used in 1980s of You'll find the best value is at Coles New World"or the one used from 1998 to 2003, which was "Serving you better, Coles has ensured that the objectives of the Act are met. The current slogan of the company Down Down promotes competition (Mortimer, 2015). The strategies of Coles seem plain advertisement criteria, but a careful observation of the wordings clarifies the objective behind these strategies. The Act, through its various provisions, provides that a business has to ensure that the produce provided to the consumers, is safe for human consumption. Further, the products which have a low shelf life have to be provided to the customers, within the shelf life of such product. The act also provides that the inertest of the consumer have to be secured. All the strategies of Coles reflect the objective of the Competition and Consumer Act, 2010. The objective of this Act is to enhance the welfare of the Australians by promoting competition, free trading and providing provisions for consumer protection (Australian Government, 2016). The strategy of Coles is to provide fresher products to its customers. By providing fresher produce, the company sets examples to its competitors to ensure that the consumers ultimately benefit from its business. A better store network would ensure that the customers do not face any hassles in their shopping experience. One of the strategies of Coles is to provide better products at lower values. By ensuring a combination of better product with low costs, a sense of competition is attained. The other companies would also move towards providing such services. The consumer would get better products at lesser prices. This would again promote competition. Coles had its share of problems with the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. The Court in the case of ACCC v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 1405 held that the company was engaged in unconscionable conduct and levied a penalty of $10 million on it (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2014). The judge held that the misconduct of Coles was deliberate, repeated and serious. Further, the judge held that the company had misused its bargaining power and the conduct of Coles was contrary to the conscience (Australian Competition Law, 2015). This created a huge problem for Coles as it failed on its strategies to promote competition. On the basis of above case, certain recommendations have been drafted for Coles to improve the management activities of the company, in order to comply with the competition law. The main recommendation for Coles is that, it has to ensure that the incidents mentioned in the above case are not repeated. It should conduct its business in a way which is considered as conscience. It should, at no instance, threaten to harm its suppliers who refused to comply with the Companys demands. Coles has to promote fair trading in its business, along with promoting competition amongst the businesses. Coles has to ensure that it does not indulge in any sort of misleading and deceptive conduct. Further, as the unconscionable and misleading conduct has been prohibited through this Act, Coles has to make sure that it does not take part in such conduct. There has already been a case against Coles in this regard, and any more cases would mean that the company fails to achieve its strategies of creating trusted value. There is also scope of improvement in the management activities of the company to ensure compliance of competition law. The company is working towards providing fresher produce but by creating a better supply chain, the time of getting the produce from suppliers to the supermarket can be reduced. This would ensure that the consumers gets fresh produce and promotes competition. To conclude, it is recommended to the company that they follow the provisions of the Act strictly and ensure that the instances of unconscionable conduct are not repeated. Keeping in view the incident that occurred, the grounds for successful negligence along with the consequences to Bungee World Ltd (BW) have been enlightened here. Recommendations are also provided to resolve the potentially damaging public relations problem in the best possible way. Negligence is the civil wrong done where a duty of care was owed by a person towards another person and the person failed to fulfill this duty, which resulted in a loss or injury to the other person. To establish that the liability arose under the tort of negligence, certain elements have to be present. These elements include a duty of care, a breach of such duty of care, a loss or injury as a result of breach of the duty, and that the loss or injury has to be relevant and not too remote. As per the Civil Liability Act, 2002 (NSW), a person is not considered as negligent unless the risk was predictable, the risk was not at all insignificant and in similar circumstances a prudent person would have taken proper precautions. A landmark case in the duty of care is the case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 (Boella and Pannett, 1999). Further, a standard of care has to be ensured as was seen in the case of Bathurst Regional Council v Thompson [2012] NSWCA 340 (Sheehan, 2012). Though a defense is available to the breaching party which states that, a person has to ensure his own safety when the risks are presumed. In such a case, the aggrieved party cannot sue the breaching party as they failed to take the duty of care for themselves. This was also established in the case of Mulligan v Coffs Harbour City Council (2005) 223 CLR (High Court of Australia, 2005). But, in the case of Rootes v Shelton (1967) 116 CLR 383, 385-6, the judge held that when the risk is inherent, the people are bound to accept it to engage in the risky sports (Swarb, 2016). And so, this cannot be referred as a defense by the breaching party. Damage is not only the physical damage, but also the emotional distress. In the case of Baltic Shipping v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344, it was held that the applicant could recover damages for the emotional distress that resulted from the breach of duty of care (Australian Contract Law, 2013). In the present case, BW was providing the services of Bungee Jumping for a fee of $50. Further, a waiver form had to be signed by the customers to undertake this activity. As has been established from the famous cases, this does not reduce the liability of BW in case of an injury. BW owed a duty of care towards Loki and had to ensure that the equipment for the bungee jumping was safe and secure. Further, the risk of corrosion was inherent due to the sea moisture present in the air. In this case, BW is liable for negligence as it breached the duty of care it owed to Loki. Further, as stated above, the injury does not have to be a physical and a mental injury is enough to claim damages under negligence. In this case, Loki did not suffer any physical injury but suffered a nervous shock. So, he can successfully sue BW for negligence. As a result of this negligence action taken by Loki, BW will be liable to pay Loki the monetary damages, as a remedy for the injury which Loki suffered. This is a potentially damaging public relations problem and so an effective crisis management is needed to resolve this problem. It is recommended to the Board that the problem should be assessed properly and an understanding should be gained regarding the potential stakeholder, which is Loki in this case. The Board should take steps in providing compensation to Loki before he takes any legal action. This would not only save the costs of legal proceedings, but also act as a shield against the damage done to Loki, as well as, to the image of the company. It is also recommended to the Board to ensure that the faulty equipment is changed and that all the old equipment is checked for its durability and safety. The Board should properly advertise the remedial actions taken as well as the voluntary compensation provided to Loki, so that the image of the company, in the eyes of the public, is improved. Lastly, it is recommended to the company formulate a proper crisis management team which can anticipate, identify and monitor such crisis which have a negated impact on the image of the company (Bernstein, 2016). The 10 minimum employment entitlements which are provided to the workers in Australia as per the Fair Works Act, 2009, are known as the National Employment Standards, or NES. An enterprise agreement or any other registered agreement, an employment contract, or an award are not allowed to provide such conditions, which are less than the NES or the national minimum wages. It can be rightly inferred that the NES and the national minimum wage cover the minimum entitlements for the workers in this country. The 10 minimum entitlements as are stated in the NES includes requests for flexible working arrangements; annual leave; maximum weekly hours; parental leave and related entitlements; long service leave; fair work information statement; personal careers leave and compassionate leave; community service leave; public holidays; and a notice of termination and redundancy pay (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016). These standards apply to all such employees who are covered in the national workplace relations system by the NES, irrespective of the registered agreement, employment contract, or the award. Casual employees are also eligible to NES entitlements, when it relates to an unpaid compassionate leave, an unpaid carers leave, the Fair Work Information Statement, or the community service leave (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016). The head of human resources of an Australian engineering company needs to ensure that the company does not contravene these standards. These standards contain that the maximum standard working week should be within the limits of 38 hours for any full time employee, along with the reasonable additional hours. It has to be ensured that the right to request some flexible working arrangement is present. The parental and adoption unpaid leave of 12 months should be available for the employees along with a right to seek an additional 12 months. The paid annual leave of four weeks should be available with the employees for each year, on pro rata basis (The Australian Workers Union, 2016). Further, a ten day paid personal or carers leave should be available with the employees for each year, on pro rata basis, along with two days unpaid carers leave for each permissible occasion, and two days paid compassionate leave for each permissible occasion. The head of HR also has to ensure that proper leaves for jury service, as well as, for emergencies and natural disasters are provided to its employees. Such person also has to ensure that the new employees receive the Fair Work Information Statement. The employees have to be entitled to take the public holidays and the entitlement be paid for ordinary hours for such days. Lastly, the long service leave and notice of termination as well as redundancy pay has to be made available (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016). The section 3 of the Australian Consumer Law (ACL) defines the term consumer. A person who acquires goods or services and the amount paid for such goods or services does not exceed $40,000, is a consumer (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2016). Such goods and services must be used for personal only and not for re-supply, to fall under the category of consumer. Further, Section 21 of the ACL contains provisions regarding unconscionable conduct in relation to the goods or services. Section 21(1) prohibits a person from supplying or acquiring goods and services, to or from, a person in a manner where the conduct is considered as unconscionable (Australian Competition Law, 2014). Though, the sections of ACL do not define what is considered as unconscionable conduct and hence, reliance is made to the Courts to consider whether an act can be termed as unconscionable conduct or not (Find Law Australia, 2016). The courts generally rely on the following points to consider the conduct as unconscionable conduct: the strength in the bargaining capabilities of the consumer and the supplier; if the consumer was required to comply with the conditions of the supplier, which were not reasonable in the interests of the consumer, and the suppliers conduct had forced the consumer to comply with such conditions; whether or not the consumer had a clear understanding regarding the appropriate documents related to the supply of goods and services; whether the supplier exerted any pressure or undue influence on the consumer; and such circumstances where the consumer could have taken the goods or supplier from any other supplier. If a supplier is found guilty of contravening the section 21 of the ACL, such supplier is then liable to civil pecuniary penalties of $220,000 for persons (other than body corporate) and for body corporate the penalty amount is $1.1 million. Further, the enforcement powers and remedies can also be applied on the supplier for contravening this section. These include injunctions, damages, substantial notices, undertakings, infringement notices, and non-punitive orders, amongst the other things (Australian Consumer Law, 2013). As the sale of the Ono water filter amounted to $2000, Rebecca would be considered as a consumer under the ACL. Dave had used undue influence on Rebecca and forced her to purchase the filter. Further, he used his strength of bargaining position and forced Rebecca to waive the cooling off period. Rebecca had no need to purchase the filter but the unconscionable conduct of Dave compelled her to buy the filter. Hence, Dave contravened the sections of ACL and as a result, Rebecca has the right to seek compensation from Dave. Further, Dave is also liable to civil pecuniary penalties of $220,000. References Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2016) Competition And Consumer Act 2010 - Schedule 2. [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/caca2010265/sch2.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2014) Court finds Coles engaged in unconscionable conduct and orders Coles pay $10 million penalties. [Online] Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Available from: https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/court-finds-coles-engaged-in-unconscionable-conduct-and-orders-coles-pay-10-million-penalties [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Competition Law. (2014) Section 21: Unconscionable conduct in connection with goods or services. [Online] Australian Competition Law. Available from: https://www.australiancompetitionlaw.org/legislation/provisions/acl21.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Competition Law. (2015) ACCC v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd ACCC v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 1405 (22 December 2014). [Online] Australian Competition Law. Available from: https://www.australiancompetitionlaw.org/cases/2014coles.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Consumer Law. (2013) The Australian Consumer Law: A framework overview. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://consumerlaw.gov.au/files/2015/06/ACL_framework_overview.pdf [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Contract Law. (2013) Baltic Shipping v Dillon High Court of Australia (1993) 176 CLR 344. [Online] Australian Contract Law. Available from: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/cases/baltic.html [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Australian Government. (2016) Competition and Consumer Act 2010. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2011C00003/Html/Volume_1#param2 [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Bernstein, J. (2016) The 10 Steps of Crisis Communications. [Online] Bernstein Crisis Management. Available from: https://www.bernsteincrisismanagement.com/the-10-steps-of-crisis-communications/ [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Boella, M., and Pannett, A. (1999) Principles of Hospitality Law. 2nd ed. UK: Thomson Learning, pp 16-17. Coles. (2015) Annual Report 2015. [Online] Coles. https://www.coles.com.au/~/media/files/coles/pdfs/industry%20reports/467372_coles_annual_report_2015_18.pdf [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Fair Work Ombudsman. (2016) Fair Work Information Statement. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/724/Fair-Work-Information-Statement.pdf.aspx [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Fair Work Ombudsman. (2016) National Employment Standards. [Online] Australian Government. Available from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/national-employment-standards [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Find Law Australia. (2016) Consumer law: What is unconscionable conduct?. [Online] Find Law Australia. Available from: https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/4474/consumer-law-what-is-unconscionable-conduct-.aspx [Accessed on: 20/09/16] High Court of Australia. (2005) Mulligan v Coffs Harbour City Council [2005] HCA 63. [Online] High Court of Australia. Available from: https://eresources.hcourt.gov.au/downloadPdf/2005/HCA/63 [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Mortimer, G. (2015) Down, down but not different: Australias supermarkets in a race to the bottom. [Online] Queensland University of Technology. Available from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/92666/2/92666.pdf [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Sheehan, E. (2012) Council fails in reliance on s 42 defence accident on steps of rotunda in park - Bathurst Regional Council as Trustee for the Bathurst City Council Crown Reserves Reserve Trust v Thompson [2012] NSWCA 340. [Online] Curwoods Lawyers Case Notes. Available from: https://casenotes.curwoods.com.au/?p=2002 [Accessed on: 20/09/16] Swarb. (2016) Rootes V Shelton; 1965. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/rootes-v-shelton-1965/ [Accessed on: 20/09/16] The Australian Workers Union. (2016) National Employment Standards. [Online] The Australian Workers Union. Available from: https://www.awu.net.au/national-employment-standards [Accessed on: 20/09/16].