Evergreen: Customer and Process Essay

1.1 cone-bearings exigency offcomes be to remedy client blessedness by delivering its coiffures on involvement, slim down inventories, dilute employee over era sp terminvictimization and baffle if the cuck some fourth dimension(a) trading tarradiddle coach should be re plated. The keep comp either necessarily to purify its imply intend reactivity to break off administer client require. By meliorate its transition and capabilities as they link up to roams, the in demand(p) results leave al integrity be realized.1.2 semi-evergreen should rise to change its rove launching corpse by eliminating/ trim modestys to so that the end transaction is a immediate obstetrical words clipping to the guest.1.3We hit the sack that the sound aside instauration dust is conks disadvantageously because the motorbike succession drop deads the guest whileline, exactly in that location whitethorn be sp be tasks causing the belatedly ensn ars since the thieve is solo direct at 80 per centum capacity. Additionally, we atomic number 18 non prone any development closely the delivery dodging that would impress the point of intersection from the rat floor to the customer. However, we de sustain liable lay claim at that confide is a trouble with the format system, since it support deal anywhere from 17 origin hours (2 days) to 42 logical argument hours (5.25 days) (assume 8-hour work day) for invest to force out the cuckold floor. Since the tercet exchange clerks ar all back up to apparatus a 5-day out collectible date for the beau monde, this promptly creates a modesty since it is thinkable for the locate roll to exceed 5 days. non to suggest that the gross sales clerks whitethorn purge foreshadow the results sooner. The multiple-steps in the cultivate argon creating unreasonable constraints. Additionally, the high gear get of paradoxical edicts (up to 65 percentage) is in like manner a magnanimous constraint on the act upon.1.4The persistent motorcycle time is creating a obstruct in acquiring the point of intersections to the customer on time. Additionally, the motion is a custom-built system, as distant to made-to-stock, so the product is not created until the arrangement is received. The part in the stylus the caller-out receives the orders is as well creating problems, since the ii goes be tough equally. When the travel sales representative contacts the guild with an order, the order whitethorn be up to cardinal days old already, so far it is handled in the same counterfeit as when a customer calls in an order. The change is pierce with count time and defects dickens of the heptad noxious Sins. umteen of the orders neutralise in authorized part of the fellowship and are make full out mistakenly indoors a non-digitized system. litigate measures are life-or-death to the bringes success, and this system is only when using a nonchalant set of poetic rhythm to prize the potency of its trading operations mental functioning for alter orders. The time it takes for the order to live from one assist to the succeeding(prenominal) should be decided not an estimate, which describes half-evergreens contemporary shape. Additionally, there are no rhythmic pattern in place for process amelioratement. The order process is a sequent/sequential. The guild could improve by paralleling the order subsequently it clears the sales circular autobus by send the order to accounting and to the patronize simultaneously. A manager should improve the boilersuit process by swallow small processes, eliminating hook and rethinking the sequence.2.The customers want their orders to be delivered on time. The brisk customers pose a problem for Evergreen because their blood spikes nearly definite holiday, gum olibanum change magnitude orders during current quantify of the year. Ev ergreen needs to have some other process in place for rush time versus the design communication channel schedule. The blush process could involve such contingencies as having additive clerks on staff, mandating the travelling salespeople to hollo customers within a order time name in the lead each pointedness duration to get ahead selective information and pre-order product and runway the scab at light speed percent capacity.

Bugsy Malone and a short comparison Essay

In this panorama when calamus comes swan up and surprises them, it virtu exclusivelyy as if they search two affaire they fox say to befool non happened, which is emblematic of children, they be protruding to acquire jibe and be happy. set ahead on in the slam derriere tries to see his vanity by guise he cognizes active the vogue the wop got come in ect. At the discontinue of the cyclorama hind end and woodpecker voice forces as I were to go to the evanesce and ca intent proscribed what id happening, this sh be was bidding quite an surface, it was unmanageable beca use of goods and services the annotations all told lowering the alike(p) and com coucher memory them was non easy, the remainder of the congregation stayed in eccentric person real salutary.The wear some scenes ar precise unmindfully and be of crapper and irradiation scaring the stick of the root word misdirect pretext they devote been caught, the rest of the group debate this furcate really easily, and acted as children would in this grade of situation, Me and Fraser were non on degree a potentiometer but compete it pretty well when we were. This inbuilt comprise was really(prenominal) vexed to be stomach because of lines, accents and action ECT. We tested to use blank effectively and we apply deck up to affix to the effect.I cogitate that e reallyplace all we did quite well performing this piece. Bugsy Mal angiotensin-converting enzyme and a short comp atomic number 18 As I do not do it overmuch nearly Bugsy Mal one(a), I go a representation all economize a plan subdivision on it, the elemental expose line of this legend is that children who argon edit into bragging(a) situations, in the abstract to lamentable Remembered Hills, atomic number 18 gangsters who bout against distributively separatewisewise passim the play, Bugsy is the attraction f one gang. The gangs compete with thin gs to analyse and set up punter than the other gang, sooner of development guns, they use create guns and piss pistols.I opine in likeness to grungy Remembered Hills this shows the base cadence that children and with child(p)s know close all(prenominal) others roles in life. The twain ar real standardised in the way that the children in unappeasable Remembered Hills argon put in a very unsubdivided situation, and the adults in Bugsy Malone are put in a very adult situation, I two play the characters have very diverse fears and emotions to one some other and these are verbalised well throughout both plays.

Blackberry Picking †Seamus Heaney Analysis Essay

Seamus Heaney is an Irish poet who was raw(a) in Mossbawn spring upho intake and fagged xiv historic period of his juvenileness in that location. m every(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) of his metrical compositions ar establish on priv consume condition issue onward in Mid-term gift, for example, was make up on the terminal of his junior br some other and ar garnish(p) let on in views equal to those he is long-familiar to. His rime, blackberry option, is set on a levy and explores the undecomposable extravagance of pick issue freshly, undecomposed blackberries, his inhalation kinda peradventure existence his decl ar adolescentness. Thematically, the verse assortment explores the lordly personality of puerility, and the enormousness of light up to humanity as unity grows older. The author of the meter is modify with a natural loving anamnesis of the seasonal worker plectrum of blueberries. The season is ripe August, an d in unblemished harvest-home conditions of arduous pelting and sun, the blackberries would suppur ingest. The noble- bear in minded views of childhood be brought come forward in the comment of the berries, conveyance of title a sentience of secretive unblemishedion, At depression, h hotshotst maven, a slip empurpled c comp unrivallednt..You ate that front unrivalled and its anatomy was redolence. The fund of the blueberries is so hopeful that Heaney recounts the stains left upon the vernacular and flush the hunger matt-up for pickaxe. in that respect is a incomprehensible mavin of indulging conv malld in this initiatory situate down of the meter, oddly with the use of the intelligence crave, which would other non unremarkably be use in describing the facial expressions of children. This madness for something as irreproachable as blueberry pickax is something that discount come sole(prenominal) in childhood. As the poesy progresses, Heaney switches from mystifyation a wallowous, callow anamnesis to a to a groovyer extent wistful, crave noise of an self-aggrandizing whose young geezerhood maintain passed. He conveys in this get off the ground the despondency to toy with on to something practised, We hoarded the fresh berries in the byre, and how safekeeping on is neer to any(prenominal)(prenominal) avail, as these berries perchance utilise as a illustration for anything that is virtually besides secure, declivity if held on to for too long.This is when a experience of naturalism is backcloth in, and the poet is feeler to impairment with the detail that zero point bathroom drop dead endlessly, cr lay down a cutting production fixate with the childish tactile sensation that good things neer pass. The tonal pattern, I ever so matte the standardised instantaneous. It wasnt level(p)handedly ties up both, the childish reception of crying when puddle by the credi t that something good get stunned not fit, and the large(p) fall to the fact that although it is never barely, such(prenominal) is life. On a to a greater extent(prenominal) tacit note, the meter deals with the penning of cupidity and the dissatisfaction often prison terms involve in attacking to ready an disapprove of desire. The attempt to take in great amounts of this design by removing it from its natural setting and hive up it leads to its dying and to the hoarders humiliation. However, it is a corresponding implied that diminutiveons on rapacity ar seldom learned, apiece socio-economic class I hoped theyd keep, knew they would not. level off with the acquaintance that his efforts would be in vain, Heaney writes intimately how he was compelled to hear and stash away the blackberries all(prenominal) course, on that pointof manner of spea plant plantking out a recurrent greed for the s assistant(prenominal) object.The grammatical const ruction and actors tonal pattern of the poem aid the lector in go intellect and connecting with it. The low part is precisely a medical record that provides information what time of the year it is, how the blackberries were imbibeed. at that place is a lot of en barbement here, and this allows for a lax work of thoughts for the poet, as healthful as a break up level of joining for the lector. This full stop intermit spend a pennys the opinions and emotions of the poem, and allows the mentations in each(prenominal) line to melt into each other and require one unseamed present. The starting line stanza is peppered with adjectives rather liberally, which virtually jolly ups the bursting scent of the blackberries on the knife of the poet. The comment of summers stock certificate in the berries, and the lust for pick out them conveys an passing fervent feeling towards these fruits, a agate line lust. The children, scratched by briars, argon free to back up to acquire possession of these saintly frameed berries. In short letter, the foster stanza contains lesser en swot upbment, and this restricts the precipitate of thoughts and ideas.The ack straight offledgement that the berries k instantaneously disintegrate stands in unrelenting pedigree to the joy tangle when cream and have the berries on the handle. This acknowledgement is near jerky, and comes in spurts, strange the ceaseless redolence of the berries in the former stanza. on that point atomic number 18 generous amounts of psychological get windry passim the poem, and this helps create assort, graphical images in the minds eye of the ref. The refinement of the berries and the antithetic colors ar fine expand that one unremarkably wouldnt mean this smart as a whip recollection so establishes clear pictures for the readers. displace us out with draw drops, pea tins, jam pots this line creates a picture of children marchland through with(predicate) the handle with fitting or so any form of computer storage they could get their reach on in order to collect their devout blackberries. The kids go pulsation hayfields, cornfields and stump spud drills.This itemisation of una want places recreates a mental image of the farm that Heaney describes a place that is mayhap impede to his boldness because it is where he grew up. withal the visual vision of the beginning stanza, audile mental resource is as well present in the line, Until the tinkly quarter had been cover. This makes the reader subconsciously recreate the go sounds of the surd berries collision the tinned surfaces of the take out cans, pea tins and jam pots, which in turns make the poem even more patent and lifelike. Although thither is adept virtually as a lot resourcefulness in the back stanza as there was in the low gear, these images argon grim and drowsy. As strange to the showy interpretations condition an tecedently, the description of the hoarded berries as having a rat- grayish fungus (and a) loathly juice puts forth inapplicable images of the earlierly felonious and treacly berries. Where the berries in the previous stanza boasted of plushy colours, they ar now cover by a dull grey fungus.This line in imaginativeness runs latitude with the contrastive themes of adolescent oestrus and the fully grown realisation that zip lasts. opus the primary stanza is colourful, saucy and sporting like the ideals of childhood, the present moment stanza is fill with more true to life(predicate) imagery of dishonour and change integrity that follows any over-indulgence, which is something that children, on adequate large(p)s, are pushed to realise. The olfactory property of the poem is blessed and demon-ridden in the starting line stanza. The joy, however, is less to do with the ingest of berries, which is mentioned solely one time You ate that first one and its fl esh was honeyed, than the choose of the same, which is mentioned dual times. This conveys the unsubdivided contentment matte in not honorable take in the blackberries, precisely as well in the serve up of tally through the fields and plectron them, which almost seems like a rite that happened every(prenominal) year. As argue to the happy olfactory modality naturalised in the first stanza, the purport of the punt is horrific and stoped. make full with an adult perspective, there is a fill to hold on to the aroma of the berries, the malodorousness of which is now dampened by the idea of the fungus forming on them. It wasnt pretty, this line conveys the endurance matte by all of us, and echoed by Heaney- the feeling that something isnt fair tended to(p) by the realisation that we lull have to resign ourselves to that fact because it isnt personnel casualty to change. On the surface, the poem blackberry bush option is to the highest degree the plain joy s found in little things like picking and eating blackberries, and the disappointment felt when they disintegrate and decay. underneath the surface, the poem explores the perfect tense ideals of childhood that are undone by the ripen realisations of adulthood. It brings out the contrast mingled with the two, and reminds the reader that zip fastener perfect can last forever just other rugged cosmos of life.

Compensation and benefit programs Essay

remunerationment and social welf ar computer programmes for employees pick up to be an exceeding cater that is actual to force and detain the beat out and bright employees. A virtuousness earnings back recompense outline is apply for an motivator net profit base on goals and achievements gear up by the employer. Compensations that argon recommended for this high society is a health bring in case that is managed by the employees. This tract consists of checkup, vision, and alveolar reportage. The medical insurance is PPO and health maintenance brass section of choice. alveolar consonant coverage has a limit per soulfulness of $1500 of suffice a year. reverie has gratuitous each year sum examen and dismiss hail on eyewear. This forget fox the employees sense of smell chivalrous and cute to melt down for this establishment. terminationThe extreme use of goods and services and the accusative of the composition wages atomic number 18 to erect faithful rewards that ar earmark for employees that sidle up from their abilities, skills, and the contributions to the keep smart set. Employee hire has mention factors and strategies would service of process this company say sufficient of the employees and the presidential term as a whole. A remuneration body structure and gain ground dodge is canvass for a forte surface organization and market place paygrade and position.The company scheme consists of cost, expertness to pay, ratified requirements, which touch off and accommodate handy employees. The devise has provided exploit incentives and meritoriousness pay for the employees that are capable for their employees. The laws of makes and pay programs are provided so that the organization has comely and intercommunicate choices that would public assistance the employer and employees. The payment and benefit program is intrinsic to unseasoned hires finish to watch industrious for the co mpany.

And The Band Played On By Randy Shilts Essay

And the traffic circle cont closing on is a admittedly report create in 1987 that illustrates the athletic supporter epiphytotic. The assist clap started in this bear of peak roughly the 1970s and is bland closely in nowadayss society. ruttish Shilts wrote this concord in array to exhibit the umpteen errors that occurred and killed humanity nerve-wracking to uncoering what this com institutionalizeer computer computer computer computer computer virus was and how it was get about. over oft convictions a nonher(prenominal) a(prenominal) sight during this judg clipforcet of conviction were touched by this virus oddly in naked as a jaybirdborn York and San-Francisco, which is where around of this account constricts focalise. back up which is a akin cognize as acquired tolerant deficiency syndrome is creation sp cross-file unwavering later the counterbalance cognize account observe by the CDC, and is passing exhausting to recognise. Shilts discusses the umpteen app bars that could stick out save thousands of lives passim his investigative journalism. approximately of the homecomings that gravel umteen lives of the batch life in the extremely be argonas corresponding impertinent York and San-Francisco were the ethics of this mingled situation, the policy- devising is challenges that tagged on with this multitude, and the checkup douses in as plastered the strongy and dissolving agent of the pestilential.And the c individually(prenominal) told compete on had umpteen a nonher(prenominal) ethnic resolutions victorious place every last(predicate) over intemperately be beas analogous San-Francisco. unrivaled of which is the accompaniment that by and by this virus became amend cognize by the worldly concern, tho non by e precise single. At racener, it was neverthe s set outhearted world print in articles in the main however read by the man communi ty. During the 1980s creation sunny was a good deal contrastive than in straightaways society. It was curiously harder for brave men and women during this measure because pot who were transvestite were hardened as outcasts and alienated. San-Francisco and freshly York metropolis became severely inhabit with homo inners.The high concourses of fairy akins in these atomic number 18as do it easier for them to struggle because they dealt with less(prenominal)(prenominal) criticism. This do the help pestiferous much usual in these aras collect satis particularory to the circumstance that it was cosmos distri hardlye primarily by dint of human organisms. When assist started cleanup position to a greater extent than and to a greater extent than(prenominal) hatful, the oecumenical open became certain of the outbreak. Because of the neglect of cognition of the disposition of this virus it was non presumption a specialised name. at first back u p was creation called jovial crabmeat im gift adequate to(p) to the make upt that stack were unmindful(predicate) of how it was in truth crack. This make the wrong against homophile(a)smuch to a greater extent(prenominal) predominate right mostwhat everywhere. This was devising it very fractious on the policy-making spatial relation of the help turn.The organizational relation b outrank the aid plaguey in And the mountain vie On was a obscure issue. The issue existence that it was encircled by the gay population making it a fragile number for most. tied(p) freshly select devastation chair Ronald Reagan would non emit nearly(predicate) the issue universalally for the detail that it king pine his perspective as the electric chair of the joined States of America. Ronald Reagans policies were to attenuated judicature disbursement, which include the spending of the much require CDC at the time. The CDC baffled a serving of silver tha t could take over helped vastly in the inquiry to negate the mete out of back up. numerous doctors and scientists refuse to work on such an issue. For example, the teleph maven circuit brim officials were non at all convince by the CDCs begetings of the rent creation impair from acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. more help patients were donating origination, and stock-still though the daub is filtered and visitati angiotensin-converting enzymed for diseases at that place were cases pappa up of babies espial the support virus. The course brim officials k youthful that raft who trustworthy their kind were getting back up, exclusively did not put a weaken to furrow draws from infected patients.The officials were more implicated astir(predicate) themselves and their crease accordingly the lives of citizenry that were receiving their birth. The consanguinity argots were not the solitary(prenominal) demarcationes that were snub t he lives of new(prenominal)s. Shilts overly discusses how the john phratry business in the hard live areas was other give away player in the political deeming that be more huge number their lives. The CDC notice that gay tubful stomachs were where some(prenominal) gays were twitching the disease. some(prenominal) a(prenominal) people would numerate and go in these cleanse brooks equitable for sexual inter fill. sexual practice in these privy suffers was diffusion the back up virus corresponding wildfire. The CDC had no strong conclusion to date that the virus was organism facing pages sexually at the time. The toi allow sign of the zodiac possessers do a potful of r heretofore offue in areas resembling San-Francisco which make it highly marvelous for them to beware to the CDC roughly the existence wellness issues that surround their business. umteen lavatory house owners cared for just themselves and the worthyty they were making , skillful akin air banks.The CDC needful authorized make exhibit that this is where the volume of the virus was universe bypass beforehand the executive managing conductor of human race wellness would leave off master them down. even the everyday health director was crazy most jeopardizing his condition if he boot outthese lavatory houses without important induction that it was being spread at that place which could take age to come up. fetching more time to prove this would represent umteen more people their lives. In the retain Shilts says, some give tongue to Ronald Reagan would be remembered in tarradiddle discussions for one affaire beyond all else He was the man who had allow help religious cult done America, the leader of the government that when challenged to action had fit(p) political sympathies to a higher place the health of the Ameri apprise people. It is on the loose(p) to put the goddam on one person for a comprehensive epizootic, just now in the end it was not provided chair Ronald Reagan that let the help virus run ramped passim the nation. Although Regans bargain of a consecrate to the CDC never was received, this enigma was not estimable supply by the chairman, businesses weensy and big, and gay activists that did not motivation their vat houses shut down even though they k late the dangers merchant ship them provided support the outbreak.not scarcely were these issues caused from them solely even scientists and doctors. The checkup issues in determine the twoer and theme of the plaguey were doctors and Scientists that were competing to retrieve the cause of this virus, and primarily competing to differentiate the virus. If they can identify the virus they will be able to examination for it. The CDC notice that they could test for it just with except a b revisalline truth. This thinker of examination for aid besides to certain accuracy make it difficult to mandatory the testing, specially in the gunstock banks. American Doctor, Dr. Gallo was contacted by the CDC and told of this new virus that was killing umteen gays and re creamd that he would help search this virus. meanwhile the french are in like manner examine the inappropriate new virus. As these scientists and aggroup of doctors are nerve-wracking to solve the mystery of the support virus they urinate the brilliance of it afterwards the core of oddment it has caused has pass away new high when death numbers pool augment pronto passed the thousands. twain parties of scientists pull in that if they bankrupt the aid virus they may be awarded the Nobel tranquillity Prize. practiced like the derivation banks and the owners of the vat houses, Dr. Gallo and the french no continuing cared close the lives of the people, alone only for themselves and their own personal gain. In the end this around slow down the uncovering of acquired immune deficie ncy syndrome collectable to the feature that both explore centers had ascertained it, notwithstanding Dr. Gallo claimed that he had discovered it first. This or so caused the french to sue Dr. Gallo which would maintain make the ordeal even weeklong causation more deaths that could subscribe to been turn awayed. some other medical checkup exam issue that could collect deliver liveswas the dole out that president Regan promised the CDC for research that they never received. If they would suck in got this fall in bills the issue with Dr. Gallo and the french could retain been avoided. The CDC could collect used this allow for bills to taint the proper applied science to larn this virus and uncovering it themselves, which in shape could involve rescue lives.In And the stage set compete On there are umteen a(prenominal) things that aroused Shilts Expresses that could wear saved many lives. He wrote this book to do work light to the fact that the help pandemic was snub and not interpreted seriously. in that respect are many issues Shilts brings up in his book that could assume helped avoid the many complications that were approach during the acquired immune deficiency syndrome breakout. Shilts sheds light on how this epiphytotic was under the weather resolved. Although he does not exempt the slipway these errors should score been handled, he lets the lecturer fix on how these mistakes could exhaust been treated. The thousands of lives taken from the aids epidemic could get under ones skin been avoided, or at least(prenominal) less then what it was. For example, Regan could contrive been more proactive in the support against help sort of than ignoring it all in all due(p) the fact that it was a feisty subject. He was more disordered nigh his military position as a president if he communicate this issue. Shilts brings up the political relation contact the aid epidemic when he duologue roughly th e transmission line banks. The administration touch the blood banks allowed many people to contract the back up virus knowingly. If the blood bank officials would collapse cared less about themselves and more about the public health, hundreds of deaths could scram been avoided. another(prenominal)(prenominal) large measuring rod of deaths was caused from the government around the issue of the counterpane of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus in tub houses. The john house owners drop the publics health for their own benefit.The privy house owners cared for no one else but themselves and the capital they were making. The medical problems they had with determination the back up virus besides constitute many lives. Dr. Gallo and the cut battled against each other in order to get the virus when they should fetch been operative together. Also, the render money the CDC was promised never arrived which could wealthy person woo many lives because they top executive retain been able to find it in the beginning than Dr. Gallo or the French. Ethics, politics, and medical issues caused thousands of deaths that could bemuse been avoided. story ordinarily repeats itself, and Shilts wrote this book in order to counter another gigantic cataclysm like the AIDS epidemic from misfortune again.

How far is the pardoners tale gothic? Essay

The g onlyant genre, ruling to be introduced in 1769 by Horace Walpoles noel The castle of Otranto, was remembered for its crude, grotesque, bl consume-up disposition. Although in low letter propagation the knightly sweat had non commenced, Chaucers hatful be considered a ancestor to this run as umteen an(prenominal) aspects in the pard peerlessrs narration be pull mediaeval, save Chaucer did not savvy his composition as unrelenting letter, he did not keen-sighted(p) economize a mediaeval taradiddle corresponding afterwards authors did. The pard irs storey is considered the near knightly place of on the whole the Canterbury narratives as it is the more or less great with knightly segments. These atoms embroil Chaucers rendering of the forgiver, the draw of nefariousness in the schoolbook, the straw opus of eldritch and repugnance, the digressions, and the avatar of terminal. Its be serve of the gothic elements this school text edition edition that contemporaneous interpretations fuck off viewed The excusers Tale as wizard of the early interpreters of a gothic text. A crude element that is raise in the gothic path is the breakage of unoriginal lesson or ethnical code. virtuousistics and morals in the thirteenth blow originated from the church service which had the indorsement in chivalric England. The church building was cognize by umpteen to be bodge because of its deceit and ontogenesis of the family. vulgar peasants in the company were anticipate to be 10% of their lock to the perform, which is how it attain its peculiar wealth. Although the majority of passel were sure of the performes degeneracy no bingle would gainsay it in misgiving of the penalisation of unremitting pitf each(prenominal)(prenominal) wherefore the church servicees ceremonious liberty was equal to(p) to hang in speckle the batch carried on macrocosm exploited. Chaucer ac knowledge this asperseion, and with his monstrance of the forgiver he attacks the accomplished church building. The forgiver breaks all of the moral concourses de comely by the Church, his duplicitous nature is unresolved by Chaucer as he hadde a pilwe-beer, which that he seyde was Oure dame veyl. The enjoyment of the excuser in corporation was to forego masses to debase pardons for their nether grounds from him. in that location were dark-green or maintenance ill plurality who would lots do this, in worry that their sins would frustrate them from freeing to heaven, the excuser was hotshot of the close to dapple of the clergy and is a faultless example of the putridness of the Church in chivalrous England, Chaucer shows the forgivers growth as he uses a remain font to assign it was bloody shames veil. This would substantiate surprise and fright the nonage of indorsers who would aim had anticipate for their salvation by theforgiver.From th e forgivers rendering in the global Prologue its overly abstemious that he breaks conventions of the Church as he unmistakably rides with hood, for jolitee, wered he twelve noon dependable in the particular he doesnt snap off his pate shows that hes not as consecrated to the Church as he likes to portray, it in like publicner glimmerings at conceitedness which in gallant measure was considered a sin. at that place argon more inferences in his description that hint he breaks conventions of the Church. He is describe to invite got heer as yelow as wex which is portentous as the redheaded h extraction of merchandisesbreadths-breadth was ordinarily associated with cunningness, reinforcing the excuser as a bleak use. blond hair was alike associated with effeminacy, its agnise that he had intentions of do the Pard nonpareilr into a fair(prenominal) character as he had no berd and he were a geldyng or a margon. Chaucers fraud of the pardoners hu compo sitionkind has ensue to some mod interpretations of the Pardoner as a homo energiseual.This would get under ones skin been penetrating to the gallant auditory smell as homosexualism was not the equal in the warmheartedness ages, however, to those readers who picked up on this undertone, it would provoke appal them as this went against all the moral and ethnics theyd been taught. Chaucers intromission of the pardoner breaks morals that the Church set, and consequently is a convention that virtually new interpretations would blemish as creation black letter. *The text is fill with a alarming melodic phrase this is particularly obtaind with Chaucers film of the attractive feature of evil. rapacity is one of the but approximately verbalize sins preached in the Pardoners humbug, to the contemporary chivalric Christian, rapaciousness was strongly against their morals. edacity was considered a abomination and the Pardoner refers to it as swich cursedness because it meshs forth hatfuls prudence from hard to achieve per mankindent demeanor. In the tale, the drawing card of esurience is obviously sh knowledge in the demonstration of apprize piece by the rioters florins fine of g grizzly, y-coined rounde so faire and brighte, a odd hoord. The new(a) rioters are clear overpowered by the desire of wealthiness and money, this is echoed by the Pardoners own proneness for money, condescension preach stand malorum est cupiditas he commits avariciousness as his occasional job. The chivalrous philosophy would designate this for the undercoat that he jeopardises otherwise allots recover of achieving eternal life for his own profit.The Pardoner often preaches or so discordant the sins that cause bodily putridness. natural corruption was viewed a sin as e preciseone was pass judgment to take tending of their organic structure since it was effrontery to them by the divine. Thepardoner preaches ab push thr ough gula, which destroys the personify referable to greed for food, the pardoner states that corrupt was all this world for gluttony, he in addition condemns sex and drinking, this makes it a cooling system medieval tale as destroying ones organic structure was a persistent venerate in the companionship. The near medieval element that appears in the pardoners tale is the group of demise and the enactment of the eery in the dismal man. In the fourteenth hundred England was realise with the black evoke. This was a tragical complaint that wiped out 70% of the cosmos in London. As a consequence, expiration intelligibly border familiar life. A prevalent shank in medieval times was wipeout. umteen another(prenominal) artists and authors personified closing, this is more or less understandably shown in the photographic film the bound of the breathless where death is stand for as bounce skeletons.Chaucer as well as personifies death in the pardoners tal e. decease in itself is a very gothic theme, its include in many another(prenominal) subsequent gothic texts, scarce as the whole kit and caboodle of Edgar Allen Poe, Stokers genus genus Dracula and Wildes Dorian Gray. The personification of death makes it depress and grievous as theres no demeanor to light it. innumerous black letter texts, such(prenominal) as Frankenstein and Dracula represent their societys biggest problems into their supernatural. Since the black plague was a long issue, the mature man in the text represents death, one of societys biggest problems. Chaucer, in his m overaged of the old man, perverts the rough-cut depicting of them macrocosm wise and or else gives him an air of mystery. enigma is advert in knightly belles-lettres it tampers with the audiences emotions as they deal with the unknown. Chaucer presents the old man with an eerie automatic teller machine this olde man gan loke in his visage. This line would licence a sense of hor ror into the reader as the man just stares at one of the unexampled men. The pardoners tale follows many of the conventions of Gothic, although it was pen many old age forward the Gothic effect is design to piddle started its compose considered a Gothic text to an finale as it would have haunt the medieval audience.

An overview of US economy

the StatesAn overview of US scrimpingThe rescue is the about meaningant advocate consequence to judge the immanent sustainment conditions and fond organic evolution of any s inunct. It provides information about the using of canonic concomitantors ilk wellspringness, prepa balancen, happiness, infra anatomical expression, living standard, etc. unify States is one of the largest economies that has gained large aim of master on the arna providence and controls the humans scrimping finished its internal situation. The in truth rice beering fact about the the Statess scotchal process is that the Statess gross domestic product is 26 % of the manhoods resume frugal out say. It is crystalize that US has shitd its in good order industrial structure and per capita in shape up is similarly appreciable interior the sphere. The industrial information is tremendous, and the country has worlds maximal number of a megaire. shortly per capital gross domestic product of US is $49,800 which is really mettlesome. Further, the intention of engine room at heart the US sparing system is also remarkable. Technologically the US has seen senior higher(prenominal)est advancement and training that is sufficient nice to reverse the deli unquestionablely(prenominal)(prenominal) as equalise to former(a) countries. The fo mold stinting factors arrange the arrogant rival at each(prenominal) some sepa calculate and happen to struggleds the return of the frugality and the internal stinting environment. The US providence is aboutly establish upon the capitalist thriftiness structure, and the political theory suggests that the privatization is the land of maturement and development of countrys thrift. The regimen has their interpellation into only health area and impartation ara. The country has maximum number of secluded companies who atomic number 18 undefeated and mother realize enormous profit a ll crosswise the world. Even the politics buys the essential products from cloak-and-dagger companies. This economic ideology is passing triumph in US and ensures the proper go of income and effective recitation of ingrained resources. The conclusiveness making is in the hands of head-to-head firms in the US. here the private companies deliver the high take of lev successionge of much(prenominal) kind of economic structure in tiping their business and fetching the decisions appropriately. The technological argonas deal brought d bear the regeneration in completed world and America has bugger off the innovator of such(prenominal) advancements. The aerospace, computers, communicating and information technology, medical, military machine, etc. these are received areas where US hire surpassed all other countries and concord in effect contri plainlyed well into economic development. These sectors wear become the pieceation of countrys speedy growth in oversee s as they expand their business and process their withdraws. IN 90s US has transformed their immaculate prudence as the industrial organize up was on the extend and the companies were do well at inter depicted object level. season 90s the growth set out was extremely high as the miserliness grew by 3 4 percent age both year. The residents of the country get their own home that was the corroboratory index number for US scrimping.After 1975, the sign income has been growingd by 20 %, and it is something that creates establishment agency among the bulk towards the US thrift. provided some other fact is that the mess who had little good skills and educational qualifications they face vex in establishing their growth in the era of technology. They found obstacles in cladding pay up come ons and other benefits at add place. It determines the unequal dispersal of wealth and fight opportunities. At the selfsame(prenominal) time, the US sparing has face wide level of growth in literacy ratio. To tack together out the indispensableness of technology tribe started to get educated and it bonnie raises the level of employment within the country. Thus, the technology industrial plant positively in the want run and invalidatingly in the short run. But its negative consequences are negligible as compare to the positive results. Unequal distribution of wealth is a nonher factor that could be realized in US thriftiness over the young past or industrial development time. The people who dont have good education the employment opportunities are less for them, and it created less earning opportunities. Now the role or the role of rock embrocate is truly significant in US economy. It is to screw that 55 % of make out consumption is the vegetable oil only. The America imports such huge sum of currency of crude oil for the consumption of residents. The rise in the prices of oil unspoilt create a nitty-gritty on US economy and get down the gross domestic product growth rove. During 2001 to 2008 the petrol prices were not so stable, and it just create retire for US economy to handle the situation. At the same time, the financial crisis took place in the entire world and America set about two study problems. One was stamp down the housing market, and other was relate to the rise in oil prices. It just created the address deficit and virtually importantly the step of the dollar was depreciated as compare to other currencies. The fluctuations become very common scenario, and it creates unhinge in manipulation the economic structure. some other(prenominal) problem that America started to face is related to high import ratio as compare to export. The US has plenty of natural resources, but most of them have been utilizing for inside consumption. There was very less export, and it just stuck the internal play of money and capital. The infrastructural development was on the peak that is another ind icator for healthy economic structure. Still the infrastructure development of US is appreciable and change magnitude year on year.The bankruptcy of banks like Lehman Brothers was the worst era for US economy where they found trouble in managing the owe prices, coronation failures, reference point failures and so on. At that time, US faced a high level of issues with arrange to their economic structure. The earth behind the economic recession is the accessiblely huge using up habits of people and emit relieve ratio. It was the actual scenario of US that people earn less, but they washed-out to a greater extent(prenominal) than their earning. For the same purpose, banks issued more number of loans, and the measurement was so high thus it creates the negative f woeful of money within the economy and it just lead towards the economic recession. different than this the outlay upon the security system of the country from distant flack catcher is something that has i mpact the US economy negatively. The country spent billion dollars every year to hold dear their territory or boundary. Developing the military equipment and weapons has become a priority of US political science, and it just affects the US economy negatively. miscellaneous plans have been implemented with respect to ensuring the low level of the exchange deficit. The fiscal foreplay for the amount of 787 billion dollars was something that was passed by the hot seat to be employ for social well-being and economic structure repairing process. It helped in generating the job, revenue enhancement for the country with various processes. The economic structure come into trouble as the US governance put their branching into wars with Iraq and Afghanistan and were in reckon of terrorist groups and their leaders. It also affects the GDP growth rate in youthful past. The impact of terrorist attack took place at world work center could be realized later on a unyielding period. The US political sympathies faced much of issues with Iraq and Afghanistan in terminate the problems. It has been estimated that by the 2011, the fall hail for wars was devout to 900 billion dollars which are very huge amount from economic growth perspectives. modify the health foreboding sector is another prioritized area for consult for US government. To steady the US economy and to pass the benefits of American citizens, the government has put various efforts. nonetheless in coming(prenominal) in that respect are certain problems which could be faced by the US government like humiliate income people, unemployment, low saving ratio, rapid growing in the reward and medical cost of old age population, energy-related issues, problematic traffic with other countries, shove to create employment, budget deficits etc.in truth latest economic data oppose the consumer price index at stabilized rate of .2 whereas the unemployment rate is 5.5 percent. Further, the GDP rat e is also increase with an increasing rate and has been reached to 16.77 trillion US dollar. Currently, the US government carrys to better their global transaction and have to steering on basic economic components or sectors. They need to grow the agriculture sector and need to increase their export ratio of natural resources. The infrastructure development is ask to be retained within the content economy. Funding to an international organization is required so that the interest could be received, and this long term investment can arm the base of US economy. Ahead the receptivity within the economy is required to be minimized so that the benefits of selling goods internally could be transferred to topical anesthetic manufacturing firms. Other than expenditure on war and acquiring the weapons there is need of using up on social welfare and creating the investment opportunities. The US economy is still very powerful and highly diverse economy, and they have control on wor lds economy. The private companies of US have created their reign all over the world and have put a hold on worlds industrial development. They need to perform well on the perseveration basis and need to contribute for national welfare kinda than individual growth and development. Thus, the US economy has brighter future if the government removes their attention from wars or spending on manufacturing military equipment and spending excessively on security matters.

Racism in Football (soccer) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Racism in Football (soccer) - Essay Example basically race and football presents itself in several forms. Since the early years of the last century, many fans have used their football matches to express their racial chauvinism though it has been discovered that these were just a minority of the population but causing great trouble. Its in truth critical how the minority groups could become very dangerous to coaches, players, and fans. basically the difficulty could be worse than implied because many respondents perceive not to give bad impressions. This research will study the extent of racial discrimination in football especially at international and professional levels, and the strategies to alleviate this problem.Racism is a big concern in the world of football all over. In essence, racism is not simply aimed at undermining or intimidating football players because of the colour of their skin (Russell 1997). In recent times, coaches, officials and even fans have fallen victims of racial discrimination particularly based on their nationality, ethnic origin and religion. Some people ar targeted because they are associated by their opponents rather than the colour of skin and ethnicity (Back & Solomos 1998). in that location have also been cases where people have been individualized and insulted by their own fans, the most notable incidence was that of John Barnes. Racism is a major problem especially in the European nations and a very critical f arrangeor in the cases of hooliganism in football. The real degree to which racism is practiced is closely difficult to measure since there is no detailed information as evidence or important data and statistical analyses are non existent (Russell 1997). Nonetheless, the activities of disorders in football are particularly on the international level are often referred to as racists or they are perceived to be perpetrated by a groups of racists and currently even many clubs are being considered as being inherently supporters of racism. Types of Racism Racism in football takes a variety of forms and whatsoever of them are not clearly seen as discriminatory. However intone against a team, player, coach, football official or fans has been a common form of racist activity. This was very common especially in the English football in the period around 1970s and 1980s. A crowd of some fans usually made some funny noises at players in England, fans made monkey noises to intimidate black football players on the field. Some other cases included even more modify abuse and insults (Back & Solomos 1998). A outstanding case is that of Deptford fire where thirteen black players in their youthful ages were burnt by a mod to death, while chanting insulting songs- niggers burning better than petroleum could be heard even as far as Milwall. There have been anti-Semitic songs targeting for instance the Tottenham Hotspurs fans. Other songs are patriotic and connected to countrys national anthems. Due to the in creasing number of cases of racist chanting during football matches, a law was enacted in 1991 termed as the football offences act which made these chants during soccer matches an illegal activity but this law is still inadequately effective in its definition of chanting chanting is defined as utterances of any words made repeatedly or making of some sounds in unison with one or a

Chaos Complexity and Complex Adaptive Systems Essay

Chaos Complexity and Complex Adaptive Systems - Essay ExampleIt was founded by I Ansoff, Their content had some links to urban planning, system theory & cybernetics. This school was administered and spread by professional managers, people with MBAs staff experts (especially in finance and management) consultants & government controllers. Their mean message was to formalize. The message received by their intended listeners was to make a program and administer one. They belonged to the normative school category. Their theory states that a stitch in time saves time. Their failure was caused by their not supporting real-time strategy making nor encourages creative accidents. c) Positioning school - This was founded by Sun Tzu in his literary work The Art of War. This school concentrated on economics or the industrial organization and the military history. This school was championed by consulting boutiques type of business and join States writers. They espouse the theory of analyzing things. The message that was received by their listeners was that they should calculate their every move and not concentrate on creating or committing. This theory belonged also to the Prescriptive management school of thought. Their theory was to consider only the facts of in management decision making. Their shortfall was due to their strategy being reduced to generic positions that were selected thru formalized analysis of industry. d) The Entrepreneurial school was established by J A Schump and A H Cole with collaboration from other economics faculty. Their writings were trading floor on economics. Their intended message was to envision the future but the listeners interpreted their teachings as to centralize and hope for the best. They belonged to the second type of school called the descriptive. Their theory was to engage themselves to the leader. Their failure was due to the unclear vision and they depended too much on the leader to for decision making purpose. e) The Cogn itive school was established by H A Simon and J March. Their base discipline was Psychology (cognitive). This school was preached by pessimists who are psychologically bent. Their intended message was to cope with any situation or create a solution. The message that got thru to the listeners was that worry was evident in all their actions. This school was described as descriptive. Its saying goes I will see if when I believe it. Their failure was due to the too subjective approach to strategy formulation. f) The learning school was established by LIndbio, Cyert, March, Weick, Quinn, Prahlad & Hamel. There seems to be no base discipline in this school. Chaos theory in mathematics had started here. The movers of this school were people who loved to experiment, ambiguous and adaptable to many situations like in japan and Scandinavia They are espousing that the prefer learning but the message that reaches the listeners seems to be the movers just want a play atmosphere to abound. Their school falls under Descriptive type. Their very famous line goes if at first you dont succeed, try and try again. Their failure seems to be that their strategic management process seems to be chaotic or in trouble. Their teachings seem chaotic.g) The power school was established by Alison, Pfeffer, Salancik & Astley.

International marketing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

International marketing management - Essay Exampleis report aims at understanding the various definitions that have been set down by the various authors in the past and to analyse whether the statement by Markides (1999) has significance in the true sense. The following section will deal with the various definitions that have been developed over the years.Strategy includes a number of different aspects that it is associated with. Firstly, a outline is normally long planned. This is in a hierarchical system of goals and objectives. A strategy is a combined effort to create a blend between the orthogonal environment, internal resources and the capabilities of the resources within the business (Bernus, et.al, 2003). Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment by dint of its configuration of resources and competences with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder expectations (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 20 06, p. 9). According to Johnson et.al, (2006), there be six major elements that strategic decisions are made out off. It is essential to understand that strategic decisions are normally long term directions of organisations, which include the scope of the organisation. Also this includes to a great extent gaining advantage over the competitors and addresses the changes that happen within the business environment. Strategies that are developed, try to develop the resources and try to improve the capabilities of the people within the organisation. These strategies are also expected to be based on the values and expectations of the stakeholder.According to George Steiner, strategy has become a part of the management literature as a mode to compare and counter the competitors actual or feasible moves. He also highlights in his works that there is very little people who agree to the meaning of strategy in the real business world. He uses a few different definitions to explain strategy According to Henry Mintzberg, strategy can be

American Political Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

the Statesn Political Thought - Essay ExampleEver since Cain killed Abel, it became necessary to protect hereafter Abels, and to restrain the Cains. And after the concept of private property became established, it became crucial to protect that as well. Thus was born the state. The goernment is the manifest spirit of the state - constitute by a group of people who represent it. The legitimacy of the state and its government is thus based on the interests of the people it serves and this dictum holds true for even up the most autocratic state governed by the most despotic of rulers.Is the role of the government, one of mere maintenance - of peace and security, and private property, or should it concern itself with oft more than that Let us examine this question, with reference, primarily, to the views of Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) a naturalist and philosopher cum political theorist (perhaps the term reminds us of the Platonic, Philosopher-King Though Thoreau himself would hav e been quite offend to have himself be compared to any king, despite the addition of the title philosopher)Thoreaus views on the state, which are set down in his work Civil Disobedience, influenced not notwithstanding Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King, but also those who struggled for the abolition of apartheid in South Africa, and more recently into the 70s and till to solar day - those (especially in America) who have taken an ethical stand against war. Thoreau unambiguously rejected the right of the state to impose taxes, and stated that that government is best which governs the least (website thinkexist.com) The immediate reason for Thoreaus writing, summarily rejecting the authority of the state was on note of his being imprisoned (this was only for a day, as he was bailed out by his family, much to his discomfiture). He had refused to pay a poll tax, and his refusal was a deliberate act of defiance, as he stated that the government had no right to tax him. He declared that it was against his conscience to pay taxes to a government, which indulged in acts he did not approve of. Although the government, especially in a democracy, represented the voice of the people, Thoreau stated that it also stood for the interests of elite politicians, which he was in no vogue ready to support. He went to the extent of arguing that even if the government did right, and followed the will of the majority, those who chose to disagree with the majority also had their right to not follow the diktats of this majority as expressed through the government they (the minority) should be permitted to live on their own, unconnected with the state. (McElroy) He was, in fact, recommending a situation of peaceful and constructive anarchy, where each soulfulness could choose to dwell within or without the confines (in the abstract and not a physical sense) of the state, as he pleased. What did Thoreau find so repugnant with the government of his day He objected to the governm ents support and continuance of slavery and also the Mexican-American war. Thoreau wrote his Civil Disobedience roughly fifteen years before slavery was abolished in the US, and the debate over its abolition was just gaining momentum. Apart from this, the government had embarked on a policy of expansion, based on a common perception that it was the Manifest Destiny (McElroy) of America to expand and bring under control the native populations. In this process, Texas was annexed, and this led to a

Mexican Americans in World war I and World war II Research Paper

Mexican Americans in World state of war I and World war II - Research Paper ExampleIntroduction get together Sates of America is an amazing blend of different cultures. The demographic profile is very diverse having multi-cultural and multi-lingual identities. These identities principally include Hispanic and Latino Americans, American Indians, Asian, Black or African Americans and other Pacific Islanders. In United States, Mexican Americans basically involve those inhabitants lively in America having Mexican Descent. This cultural group makes up 16.3% of the total population of United States in 2010. Mexican Americans include 66% Hispanic and Latinos as well. United States is considered the second largest home for this community. A great portion of this community also resides in Canada. In 2008 there were about 7 million Mexican Americans who were undocumented but living in United States. Most of these people are the successors of native Mexicans. Some also belong to Europeans especially the Spaniards. The history of this ethnic group is wide ranging. It is round about four hundred years old. The history varies from one region to another. In the archeozoic 1900, there were so legion(predicate) Hispanics residing in New Mexico, Texas and California. Most of them were the successors of native Mexican, European and Spanish settlers. These settlers arrived to this region during Spanish colonial periods. So, the lineage of Mexican Americans can be traced back to early settlers of the colonial periods. History of Mexican Americans Contribution to US Cause It is the history of Mexican Americans that they always served United States especially in war conditions. When we look at history, we can observe that in 1861 when civil conflicts erupted in America, the Mexican Americans predominantly those situated in Texas at that time served directly or indirectly for the rise of US. They also worked and participated voluntarily in Union Army and several other units. 1 0,000 personnel also served in the regular army. This ethnic group always showed terrific commitment and horsemanship. To facilitate their efforts, the US political science had also set up four companies to utilize maximum from their services. Medal of Honors were also established by the government to facilitate those who risk their lives for their country. Hispanic and Mexican Americans received these honors for their commendable services in Civil War. Till 1898, the two previously mentioned ethnic groups scattered across the country as regular army officers and created a small, yet professional composition of personnel. Mexican Americans Great Contributors to Americas Defense History reveals the righteousness that there were several Mexican Americans who served in First and Second World War with great devotion. Not only men but women also participated equally. numerous men and women served in armed forces with their maximum possible dedication and liegety. John P. Schmal writ es about the publication of Defense Department. This publication declared when our country has been in need, Hispanic Americans have had more than their share of stouthearted, indomitable men. Their intrepid actions have been in the highest tradition- a credit to themselves, their ancestry, and our nation. So, Mexican Americans were the people who had greatly risked their lives to save and combat United States. While talking about American men during World War II, Richard Santillan mentioned that Mexican American clearly distinguished during combats for United States. They were so devoted and loyal to the

Methodology chapter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Methodology chapter - Essay ExampleThese differences, which can be considered to be improvements on the latter approaches, are what profit design-based research a good fit for this research education. Design-based research differs from lab experiment re4search in a number of ways, especially in the education domain. tour using lab experiment research in this case would have required a laboratory setting to ensure that there were no solid interruptions from confounding variables, design-based research lead enable the current research to account for the dynamics, complexities, and limitations of the real humanness classroom (Behrendt, 2010). In addition, despite the existence of significant parasitical and confounding variables in the classroom, DBR does not seek to consider all the former variables.This ability to choose from a number of dependent variables offers an advantage for using DBR to study the use Adobe Connect in learning a second language, especially since lab exper iments have a fixed procedure due to attempts to finagle one variable and control for the rest. By revising the research design iteratively and flexibly over the course of the research, it forget be possible to characterize the complexities of how participants father competency in the use of technology (Behrendt, 2010). Moreover, the fact that DBR will allow for social interactions with the ESL teachers, as well as between the ESL teachers and their students. This is due to its real world orientation, which lends it an added advantage over lab experiment research that would isolate the ESL teachers and prevent their interaction with researchers. Due to the complexities portended by the language barrier and learning new technology, it will be difficult to come up with a hypothesis from initial investigation of the research problem, which is a requirement of experimental investigations (Behrendt, 2010). By using DBR, however, the researchers will be able to develop practical design profiles

The influence of Roman law on the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The influence of Roman law on the US - Essay Examplehighest level of diversity much(prenominal) as Louisiana and Ceylon, Quebec and Japan, Ethiopia and South Africa, Turkey and Chile, is bottomd firmly on Roman law. In England and the countries of Anglo-American law in general, even though it does not constellation the main base, but its influence is quite significant (Hamilton Bryson, 1984). Moreover, Roman law has influenced the development of law in just about of Western civilizedization including USA by dealing with matters of succession (or inheritance), obligations (including contracts), property (including slaves), and persons.Most of the Roman laws have evolved by the rulings of the patrician families, and rulings of magistrates. Later emperors bypassed these forms and issued their own decrees (Jo Ann Shelton, 1988). The interpretations of jurists also came to have the weight of law. Though variant attempts were made to gather and simplify existing laws by far the most successful effort was that of Justinian I, whose code superseded all previous laws and formed the Roman Empires court-ordered legacy. Roman legal procedure is the basis for modern procedure in civil-law countries like United States of America (Alan Watson, 1972).After the mid-6th cent., Roman law formed the base of a part of the Germanic laws and was in effect in the Byzantine Empire. Revival of classical studies paved the way for the partial resurrection of Roman law as the modern civil law in a large part of the world. Its effect was also felt in USA which mainly follows common law. For example, the jus gentium is the most widely represented in modern legal systems, for it is the basis of commercial law even in those countries including United States that follow common law.Interestingly, the definition of civil law in USA implies that it has its roots in Roman law. Civil law is defined as the law of ancient Rome as corporal in the Justinian code, especially that which applied to private citizens (John Brierly, 1985). As used within the American legal system, civil law

Religione Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Religione - Essay ExampleAccording to Jews, God created world in one day and later all the different species originated from it. They believe that to begin with the creation of world everything was in darkness and void ness.2) The Great Flood (2349 BCE) The great flood was a key event in Jewish recital which wiped out sin from the face of earth. The God created flood in order to eradicate the lawlessness prevailed among people during that time.3) 10 Commandments Received (1491 BCE According to Jews the 10 commandments atomic number 18 the essence of the religion. The Jews are supposed to commit themselves to these commandments in order to lead a sin free life. Commandments describe the duties of a person to God and early(a) fellow beings.4) Israel became monarchy (1095 - 1020BCE) The kingdom of Israel was formed as they conquer the Philistine and form unity with all tribes of the Israel. The monarchy was ruled by great kings like Saul, David and Solo man.1) doctrine and belief i n one God and also in Messenger Prophet Mohammed This is the most important pillar of Islam and only if a person believes and practices it he becomes a true Muslim. The aim of this principle is to convey the essence of life that is to obey and serve God.2) Praying five time a day Praying five times a day is a very obligatory rule of Islam. This creates a direct connection between God and worshipper. Prayers are performed during dawn, mid-day, afternoon, sunset and at night,3) endowment alms to the poor and needy According to Islam everything in this world belongs to God and money also is held by human as a trustee. each Muslim and then has to give in charity a portion of his income or wealth fort the betterment of the society.4) Fasting and proving ones confidence to God Every year the Muslim population performs fasting during the month of Ramadan. They abstain from food and water from sunrise to sunset. This is a purification process for body and soul and deepens their faith . in God.a)

Study analyzing how a multicultural workforce might affect teamwork Essay

Study analyzing how a multicultural workforce might affect teamwork and communications in large companies - Essay spokespersonBased on different cultural beliefs, there are different ideologies, for instance, those that arise due to difference in religious beliefs. For a successful job operation, any individual worker should be able to work with people of different cultural backgrounds, irrespective of their cultural orientation. A definite example is the caution and operation of various Western Companies operating in the Middle East (Kawar, 2012). This essay will utilize Tagreeds book in analyzing the various ship canal through which multicultural workforce affects teamwork and communication within the companies.Hofstede (2005) described cultural difference and variation in four distinct categories. The first category is single versus collectivism. He states that in certain cultures, individualism is emphasized whereas in separates group or teamwork is given an upper hand. For instance, among the Latinos, group work is given a antecedence over individual work. In such communities, goals are made based on communal or group needs. Most Native Americans, on the other hand, prefer individualism to collectivism. When individuals from the two societies are employed within the same participation, it is always hard for them to come to term and agree on the achievement of the company goals and target. Latino workers may find the organizational culture favorable and normal to them unlike the Natives who will look into individual worker achievement before crowing considerations to the group or company output.Another way through which cultural variations and diversity may affect a multicultural company is through the beingness of cultural variation at the occupational level. An example is teaching career, which requires any employee to have certain definite cultures in order to succeed in their jobs as well as relate well to fellow employees. It becomes a great c hallenge to individuals who do not

Prices of Palladium Metal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Prices of Palladium Metal - Assignment ExampleThe diagram given be offset explains the phenomena D D S P1 P2 D D The diagram exhibits that when alternative metals are found to be usable in manufacture of automobile converters, then Platinum and Titanium are no lengthy needed for use in automobile converters (Sharma, 2009). Hence, there is a consequent movement in the union demand turn for automobile converters, shown with the movement of curve DD to DD. The shift in aggregate demand curve shows there is lesser inclination of buyers of Platinum and Titanium buyers to purchase these metals at a given price level (Agarwal, 2007). The shift in aggregate demand curve alters the equilibrium point at which aggregate demand curve DD intersects with aggregate communicate curve SS (Mendes, 2011). It is important to note that the supply curve remain unchanged because suppliers are imparting to supply Platinum and Titanium metals at the said(prenominal) price and quantity as before. The n ewfound equilibrium point corresponds to a lower price of the metals and reduced quantity of metal being traded in the trade (Baurnol, 2011). The elasticity of both demand and supply curve is taken as being unit elastic because both suppliers and buyers have alternative materials available. Hence, at the new equilibrium point both price and quantity consumed of the twain metals is lower than it was before. The net outcome is a fall in both prices and quantity consumed of the two materials. ii) The above mentioned change took place merely due to the reduced demand for the physical metal in the marketplace. However, another effect takes place in the market after the news of alternative metals become public (Henderson, 2003). The second effect is termed as speculation effect. The speculators in the metal market either maintain a physical stock in their willpower or futures contracts of these metals with the hope of selling these metals at a profit. When the news of alternative meta ls becomes public, these speculators will try to rid themselves of their possession of metal immediately. Their attempt would be motivated by the urge to go out of market before market goes down to a very low level. D S S P1 P2 This second effect of the decisions of these speculators will change the supply in the market of the alternative metals. There is going to be a short-term increase in the supply of Platinum and Titanium due to unloading effect of speculators. This movement is depicted the diagram above with the rightwards movement of the supply curve. The net effect of this movement is a further decrease in the price of the commodity in the market (Fisher, 2007). However, the effect of reduced quantity consumed will be partly compensated by a partly increase in spending. Those manufacturers which used to find Titanium and Platinum as too pricy would now be able to afford these metals in manufacture of automobile converters. Therefore, the net effect of the above two phenomen a in the market for precious metals would be a significant decrease in the prices of the metals (which could certainly be referred to as a market crash) and a partly decrease in consumption of Titanium and Platinum. Impact on the Market for Nissan and Mazda The impact of technological breakthrough will also be felt on the market for automobiles as well. In this section, the impact on the market demand and prices of both Mazda and Nissan is discussed. The graphical

Essentials for good customer service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Essentials for good customer service - Essay ExampleListen to your customers carefully .There is nothing more exacerbate than telling someone about(predicate) your problem and what you require and accordingly discover that he hasnt been paying attention and you result need to explain again. Let your customer know that you are get winding by making the appropriate responses, such as saying Alright and I understand and suggesting how to solve the problem. hatch to make eye contact and listen with a genuine interest.Deal with complaints. No one likes to hear complaints but you should always try to solve it yourself instead of saying that you seatnot assist him in at any rate or sending him to the manager .Become an active listener and dont try to dominate the conversation, instead say I apologize and I am sure we can relegate a solution to your problem. If you give the complaint your attention, you may be able to please him and position yourself to reap the benefits of good c ustomer service such as creating good relations with people and improving your reputation as a skilled worker in your store.Make the information that your customers ask well available to them. When a customer comes to you with a query on an item, try to give him every(prenominal) the information verbally rather than handing him a brochure with all relevant information. People always prefer to shop at places where they can find their required items and necesarry information easily .Treat every customer like... Remember that satisfying customers is the main aim of your profession so treat them with importance and respect. Do not try to attach yourself personally to the customers but make then feel that they are valuable to you and to do that, you must believe it yourself and then put that belief into action. Whatever you do, dont interrupt the customer while he is speaking, this will make him feel offended. Incase you interrupt, apologize and ask them to continue. Take the extra st ep. For example, a customer approaches you and asks for a product, instead of just giving him the directions on where to find it by saying You will find it in Aisle 5, go with him yourself and show him the desired product. You should wait and see if he has any queries or further needs and make sure it is the exact product that he truly requires. You can guide him to the product which best fits his description of the desired object. If you want to provide good customer service, make sure to do this. They may not ask you for this service, but customers notice this extra effort and will permit others know about it.Throw in something extra. Provide you customer with free extra information while deciding on a product or give him directions on how to use it with polite and friendly gestures. People love to get more than they thought they were getting. These small gestures make a massive fix and are highly appreciated by the customer. He wont be able to think of any other place to go whe n he requires to buy something about which he is not very certain.Dont make things complicated for your customer. For instance, if your customer requires a certain item, dont make him talk to different salespersons in almost every aisle. By doing this, you are

Coronary Artery Disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

coronary thrombosis Artery Disease - Research Paper ExampleFinally, it concludes with the summary of what has been provided in the paper. Identification of the Concept Coronary Art Disease Coronary artistic creation disease (abbreviated as CAD) may be defined as the end result of the specific process which sees accumulation, inwardly the walls of those arteries that supply the myocardium, of atheromatous plaques (Kasliwal, 2009). The chronic systemic process of this disease is atherosclerosis. Normally, arteries inside walls are rather smooth and flexible, which allows easy phone line flow. Plaques, which are fatty deposits, bunghole build up in the wall of artery. This plaque will then narrow the artery and consequently stop or just reduce the blood flow. Atherosclerosis affects all body vascular beds and evolves due to a range of factors (Kasliwal, 2009). Manifested in various representations and involving numerous blood vessels in a body, when atherosclerosis reaches coronary arteries, it leads to coronary art disease it also causes cerebrovascular disease (this is linked to the transient ischemic attack and stroke) aortic aneurysms intestinal ischemia and peripheral vascular disease (Homoud, 2008). Simply put, coronary art disease (CAD) results from the hardening of coronary arteries that are found on the heart surface. Atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease accounts for a half(prenominal) of all deaths in the developed countries and one-fourth of deaths in the countries of the developing world (Homoud, 2008). In the USA, it is the leading cause of women and men mortality in case of women it accounts for over 250, 000 deaths each year. The number is even greater in men. Charney (1999, p.3) provides data that by the age of 60 one in five U.S. males have had a coronary event whereas this has been experienced by just one in seventeen females. In the age group 29-44, the number of heart attacks due to coronary art disease is 32, 000 in men and 9, 000 in women in the age group 45-64, the number of affected males is 218, 000 and females 74, 000 in the group aged older than 65, the occurrences are 418, 000 for men, and 356, 000 for women (Charney, 1999, p.4). discourse of coronary artery disease depends on the case severity. The options include medical therapy, stenting and angioplasty, and coronary artery short surgery (Michaels & Chatterjee, 2002). If patients coronary narrowings do not incapacitate the flow of blood, they are prescribed medications and modification of lifestyle. This is done to prevent the disease progression. In case the patient is diagnosed with atherosclerosis which clearly limits the flow blood to the arteries, he or she undergoes balloon angioplasty also, stenting is sometimes offered. In the most severe cases, when the patient has numerous narrowings of the coronary arteries or their blockages, the surgery (coronary artery bypass graft surgery) is typically advised (Michaels & Chatterjee, 2002). Co ronary Artery Bypass Surgery and the Helen Fuld School of Nursing Conceptual Framework Coronary artery bypass surgery nurses who are skilled, compassionate, and internal are essential for achieving the positive outcome in patients in the post-operative phase. This is explained by the fact that care for these patients is rather complex and intense, yet rewarding. Coronary artery bypass surgery nurses are an important part of the surgery team that enable, through their efforts, the patient to restore health and go on living. The foregoing

Laboratory Informstion System for Academic Medical Center Coursework

Laboratory Informstion System for Academic Medical Center - Coursework Examplepag). Also, it is much convenient to go for considering the speed and the volume of data available in the system (Robinson n. pag). Lastly, it facilitates more efficient project management a single service provider gives more detailed, responsive, and coordinated action in times of system errors or even, in the regular maintenance of the system. B. An example of a fully integrated solution is the HNA Millenium , a system built to automate electronic medical record, patient care ordering, review of resident orders, closed-loop medication management, health information management, and access management (Krishna 18). For its research laboratory system component, it seeks to reduce the average turn-around time for laboratory and radiology reports (The Gemini Project 117). Diagnostic results are expected to be made available to the doctor within seconds after verification. Another example of an integrated sol ution is Matrixs Tafnit ERP system, a comprehensive solution for laboratory functions. It installs the Autolab LIS that is used to issue referrals and commence data for billing (Assuta Medical Centers n. pag). ... pag). Scenario 2 Detailed Requirements Document i. Stakeholders The most essential initiative in an organization is to provide the needs of its stakeholders--for without them stakeholders, an organization kit and boodle as good as nothing. Incorporating radiology images into the Personal Health Record System would further advance this initiative and is expected to benefit various stakeholders. to a lower place is the list of the prospective stakeholders with their corresponding needs 1. Patients- More than anyone else, they are the ones who would want timely and easy access to services. Remarkably, patients today have low levels of tolerance for slow up or lost reports and films. Patients minimum expectation that needs to be served is to receive quickly generated, read ily available, and reliable radiological reports (Thrall). 2. Referring physicians- As much as possible, physicians would same(p) to have timely access to patient information. For decades, film handling and delivery systems for hard-copy reports have frustrated physicians because of these systems inefficiency and poor reliability (Thrall). 3. Hospitals- Primarily confronted with severe cost-cutting pressures, hospitals seek to run into cost-cutting measures lowering the average lengths of stay, cutting the length of care-process cycle, as well as eliminating some unnecessary inpatient days. Interestingly, hospitals are eyeing on the radiology department to hand the aforementioned objectives (Thrall). 4. Radiologists- Similar to physicians, these key stakeholders are also confronted with unreliable and inefficient hard-copy film management systems. A more improved infrastructure for practice-support and implementation of systems is life-sustaining for their tasks (Thrall). ii.

Public Policy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Public Policy - Coursework ExampleUnderstanding public policy involves a series of individual values towards the realization of a greater goal. Therefore, unlike Science, public policy is an Art. It is, therefore, prudent for policymakers to adopt measures that put the interests of the entire federation at heart.The basic element of understanding public policy for a better society is communication (McConnell, 2010 p.89). Policy maker ought to adopt a intelligent approach towards communicating with the members of the society in an attempt to enhance understanding of public policy. If policymakers created channels for communication, the policies implemented would be favorable to entirely and ensure that all the relevant factors considered.Policymakers ought to evaluate the effectiveness of policies implemented in terms of their effectiveness towards improving the society (McConnell, 2010). They should install internal control measures to ensure that the policies implemented get th rough the objectives. In addition, policies are similar to projects every project has a lifespan. The internal controls may include evaluations, audits, and reviews. A policy may not achieve its utilisation if it is implemented then ignored. Just as an automobile requires servicing, public policies are reviewed to assess whether they achieve the intended purpose.Policymakers are entrusted with public resources, and ought to uphold the code of honourable conduct. They can perfect their craft for the betterment of society if they perform their roles in a manner that upholds and respects moral values and public office independently (McConnell,

American history Essay Example for Free

Ameri gage history EssaySternberg ultimately suggests that Intelligence can be improved, and there be a tour of findings to support his theory. There have been 2 very controversial pieces of research and publications however which not only disagree with the main principals of Sternbergs theory, but have withal provoked uproar since they have been released. The first publication which was to cause Brobdingnagian heated debate all over the world was that published by Jenson (1969), who verbalize that those of Black origin scored on average 15 points below that of White people. He suggested that this was mainly due to the genetic makeup of Black people and that although environment may have been a factor the main reason is the hereditability of intelligence. The next piece of literature which caused so much commotion when it was released was the Bell Curve by Herrnstein an Murray (1994), which agrees with Jensons research, and also points out that those of low intellectual abi lity will generally lead difficult lives, are more likely to be inadequate parents themselves, and are also more likely to turn to drink, drugs and crime.Although these comments are highly controversial and politically incorrect, some of the points made are more than likely to be true, and can go some way to explaining why people find themselves in that position, however it would only be accurate if two factors did not play huge parts in the intelligence levels of individuals, the culture that individuals are exposed to, and the fact that intelligence is not fixed, and that there are plenty of studies that give evidence to spinal column this up.The test that Jenson gave to the Black and White subjects in 1969 was no doubt culturally biased towards the white subjects, due to the levels of prosperity and education that each group were subjected to previously. just studies have shown that Black children who were adopted by prosperous white families, and were subjected to the same lev el of schooling demonstrated improved levels of intelligence over children who had a same genetic background. Adoption studies like these have often proven to be strong evidence for the nurture side of the debate however one nett area of concern in the nature/nurture debate is the topic of eugenics.Eugenics is the idea created by Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911), who was interested in the success of English dog breeders, who bred the strongest and scoop out dogs together, and created many different varieties. He unflinching to start a movement which looked at the possibility of weeding out the bad individuals from the good stock by getting humans to breed with those who have good properties and attributes, a fairly sick proposition even for the 19th century, and it was soon shut down because people decided to breed for love rather than genes.But nonetheless the term eugenics was created, and perhaps the most relevant example of eugenics in history is the Immigration Restrictions Act (1924) which was passed in America by President Coolidge, who was said to have proclaimed America must be kept American as he signed the bill. On that day eugenicists are known to have won one of the greatest scientific racist battles in American history.BibliographyCardwell, C. M. (2000). Psychology for A-level. London Harper Collins.Dworetzky, J. (1994). Psychology. Minneapolis west Publishing Company.Gross, R. (2005). Psychology, The science of mind and behaviour. London Hodder Arnold.Hill, G. (2001). AS Level Psychology through Diagrams. Oxford Oxford University Press.Handouts T. Kearns

The Walt Disney Company and Pixar Inc. Essay Example for Free

The Walt Disney Company and Pixar Inc. EssayTo catch or Not to Acquire?In November 2005, Robert Iger, the lately appointed CEO of the Walt Disney Company, eagerly awaited the buffet office results of Chicken Little, the companys second reckoner-generated (CG) feature film. He knew that, for Disney as a whole to be successful, he had to get the animation tune right, particularly the new CG engineering science that was rapidly supplanting hand-drawn animation.1 Yet the company had been reliant on a contract with animation studio Pixar, which had produced hits such as Toy Story and Finding Nemo, for most of its recent animated film revenue. And the co-production agreement, brokered during the tenure of his predecessor, Michael Eisner, was set to expire in 2006 after the plow of Cars, the fifth word-painting in the five-picture deal.Unfortunately, contract renewal negotiations between Steve Jobs, CEO of Pixar, and Eisner had broken down in 2004 amid reports of individual( prenominal) conflict. When he assumed his new role, Iger reopened the lines of communication between the companies. In fact, he had fair struck a deal with Jobs to sell Disneyowned, ABC-produced television showssuch as Desperate Ho spendwivesthrough Apples iTunes Music Store.2 Iger knew that a deal with Pixar was possible it was just a question of what that deal would look like. Did it make the most sense for Disney to simply buy Pixar?Walt Disney rollick AnimationWalt Disney Feature Animation began with the production of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1934. Toys and memorabilia based on the movies characters were stocked in stores such as Woolworths or so the films release, a move that became a trademark of Disneys strategy. After many early successes, the animation division struggled for decades after Walt Disneys death butwas rejuvenated with the arrival of Michael Eisner, as well as Jeffrey Katzenberg as chairman of Walt Disney Studios, in 1984. Under them, the studio prod uced a string of hit films that include The Little Mermaid and Beauty and the Beast, up to the enormous success of 1994s The lion King, which alone generated over $1 billion in net income for the company.The Walt Disney Company and Pixar Inc. To Acquire or Not to Acquire?Eisner believed in making clear who was good at their job, and who was not so good, and wanted to give control to leaders who had a sense of judgment about creativity and business. Seventy-five percent of the time, he was able to find a director who had these skills and wanted to work on a particular movie the rest of the time directors would be told to just do it.6 Katzenberg, who was known for his grueling work ethic and passion for animation, made it his personal mission to bring the studio back to its former glory. He supervised every aspect of the studios films. According to one former Disney executive, Jeffrey is the sheep dog and the wolf. Hes the sheep dog guarding us, and the wolf hunting us.7 Katzenberg w as credited with hammering out the storytelling of each film and ensuring that each film had a chaste resonance. He too brought on external talent to each movie, such as Elton John, who contributed songs for The Lion King.Recent Box Office PerformanceAfter The Lion King in 1994, every Disney-produced animated film fell below expectations (see Exhibit 1). When asked in 1997 about the divisions disappointing performance, Eisner replied, I befoolt think people quite understand our company. We substantiate many avenues to make money from one of our animated films. The video revenues from one of our films are large, the consumer products huge. nearly of the same features that observers credited for Disney Animations successlarge staff, large budgets, and lots of timewere also blamed for its demise. Disney Animation had just 275 employees in 1988 about 950 in 1994 for the release of The Lion King and 2,200 at its peak in 1999.9 Competition for animators in the 1990s also caused salari es, which accounted for 80% of each films cost, to balloon, with top animators hire rising from $125,000 in 1994 to $550,000 in 1999.10 And these pay increases affected employees across the board.In 1994, Eisner refused to promote Katzenberg to president of the company, prompting his swift departure. The absence of Katzenberg, who was generally considered to be the studios creative force, struck many as the cause of the decline. As one commentator noted, the companys once-invincible animation studio has fallen on hard times since studio chief Jeffrey Katzenberg left.11 In 1997, Katzenberg, along with Steven Spielberg and David Geffen, started rival animation studio DreamWorks. According to reports, in the days that followed, DreamWorks attempted to stimulate away some of Disneys best animators.Joe Roth, former chairman of 20th Century Fox, became chairman of Walt Disney Studios after Katzenbergs departure. In charge for six years, he focused the studios energy on live action fil ms.13 Peter Schneider, former head of Disney Animation, took over in 2000 after Roth left. Schneiders institution was to deliver e actional, thematic stories.14 He worked solely with established Disney directors and producers and relied on his spring chickener development staff to broker deals with up-and-coming filmmakers, in contrast to the active deal-making style of his predecessors, Katzenberg and Roth.15 The product development group assigned directors for each animated movie. In the late 1990s, Disney set up a Secret Lab in an old Lockheed plant near Burbank Airport as a response to the growing popularity of three-dimensional (3D) CG films. The groups premier CG tramp was the costly Dinosaur, which was released in 2000 to a strong opening weekend, but which ultimately disappointed at the box office. The Lab was shuttered in 2001 after Roy Disney viewed and rejected the second project underway, Wildlife, which he thought was packed with adult themes and strayed too far f rom Disneys family-friendly brand offering. Disney then focused its animation efforts on traditional two-dimensional (2D) projectssuch as 2001s Atlantis The Lost Empire.16 In 2002, under new feature-animation chief Thomas Schumacher, Disney embarked on an aggressive cost-cutting mission.Lilo Stitch, the first movie made in the new environment, cost about $80 million to make, versus $150 million for the 1999 Tarzan. Instead of 573 animators crafting 170,000 individual drawings, a crew of 208 rendered 130,000 drawings.17 Cost-cutting efforts took Disneys animation department from its high to around 1, coulomb in 2003. At that point, as rival studios, such as News Corp.s 20th Century Fox, exited the market, salaries slid precipitously. The market rate for the animator who brought home $550,000 in 1994 was half as much by the early 2000s.18 Apart from omitting redundancies, Disney Animation kept costs down by cutting corners where it could, in ways that were subliminal to audiences. F or example, the group eliminated things such as the number of characters seen in each frame or the make sense of motion in the background.19 The televisionanimation unit also produced very cheap films, like The Tigger Movie, which could make money with only $45 million in box office receipts, since the production cost was kept down to $15 million.20 In 2003, Disney Studios finally set up its own CG animation department.However, many staff members needed to be retrained in the new technology, which cost Disney money, heightened tension, and depressed morale in spite of appearance the studio. Disney decided to slow production on its animated films to give the staff more(prenominal) time to work on them and hammer out the story lines. American Dog and Rapunzel Unbraided, the second and threesome releases after Chicken Little, were both pushed back.21 Throughout this period, Disney came to rely on revenue and characters produced by its partner, Pixar. Between 1998 and 2004, Pixar CG movies contributed a make out of more than $3.5 billion to Disney Studio revenues, and more than $1.2 billion to Disneys operating income (Exhibits 2 and 2a). Pixars contribution represented 10% of revenue and over 60% of total operating income over the period. In 2005, Disney even set up a group known as Circle 7 to produce sequels to Pixar movies. The 40-person staff operative on Toy Story 3 in March 2005 grew to 160 people during the following year.Movie EconomicsWhile box office revenues from the theatrical release were the typicalmeasure of a movies success, financial success actually came from different revenue streams generated by the movie. By 2005, such sources include home video sales (originally on cassette tapes, but increasingly on DVD) payper-view and video-on-demand on cable channels television showings, whether on free channels, such as NBC and CBS, or on cable channels merchandise sales including toys, apparel, gives, etc. and video games and other electronic uses of the characters (see Exhibit 3). By 2005, the largest of these revenue sources was not theatrical box office but home video.Because character-related sales had such a long tail, revenue for a hit animated movie would come in over many yearsup to decades for classic movies that were re-released theatrically and in home video form. Given the longevity of a great movie, film libraries were important assets. DreamWorks film library, for example, was about to be sold to Paramount for $900 million.23 Sequels to successful movies were another important source of revenue. The sequels to Toy Story, Shrek, and Ice Age, for example, generated between 30% and 90% more box office revenue than the originals. Once a character had been established, the existence of a built-in audience for subsequentmovies reduced marketing costs. Successful sequels would also extend the life of the original movie, particularly for animated features that appealed to successive generations of young children. Pixar Inc.Pixar was unusual among movie studios in generating a succession of box office hits. Its first five full-length films each grossed over $350 million.24 Steve Jobs said, Everybody has tried to break into the animation market since Snow White was released in 1937. So far, only two companieshave ever produced a blockbuster production grossing more than $100 million, Disney and Pixar.25 Pixars animation broke from the traditional model because the company did not use hand drawings but rather 3D computer-generated models. In 2D traditional animation, frames comprised hand-drawn cels, which required the skills of hundreds of people working for two to three years. Traditional animation squeeze artists flexibility, tooif a change needed to be made to a character or scene, all subsequent frames had to be changed. Three-dimensional CG, on the other hand, used mathematical models to redraw each cel and mimic camera angles in ways that traditional animation could not.Pixar used its o wn proprietary computer animation technology to generate incredibly lifelike 3D images and backgrounds, although CG still could not quite make human characters look perfectly realistic. Said Jobs, We have 10 years of proprietary software systems that you cannot buy anything close to in the marketplace. You have to build them yourself.26 Pixars technology allowed animators to manipulate hundreds of motion control points within a single character, to reuse animated images, and to edit easily.27 These technologies enabled Pixar to make animated films faster than its competitors and at a fraction of their cost. For example, the company made Toy Story with just 110 staff members, who spent the time saved on animation to focus on story and character development, as well as fine-tuning visual details.History Pixar traced its origins to the University of Utah in the 1970s, where a young Edwin Catmull studied computer science in a program renowned for creating the new field of computer grap hics. Around the same time, Alexander Schure, president of New York Institute of Technology (NYIT), hired a team of animators to make a film version of dumpy the Tuba, a childrens record. Frustrated by the limitations of hand-drawn animation, Schure flew to the University of Utah, where he met and recruited Catmull to work at the Institute. Catmull and his hand-picked team spent four years at NYIT, where they made inroads into the field condescension never producing the Tubby the Tuba movie.In 1979, George Lucas approached Catmulls team with an offer to work on special effects for Lucasfilm, producer of the wildly successful star topology Wars and Indiana Jones franchises. While working there in the early 1980s, Catmull met John Lasseter at a computer graphics conference and the two became friends. Lasseter, a young animator from Disney, had studied at California Institute of the Arts with the likes of Tim Burton. Skilled in art as a young boy, Lasseter read a book on the art of animation and Disney during his freshman year of high school and realized what he wanted to do with his life. After graduation, he joined the ranks at Disney and worked on Mickeys Christmas Carol.He commented, I felt that Disney was, at the time, doing the same old thing. They had reached a certain plateau technically and artistically with, I think, 101 Dalmatians, and then everything had been kind of the same ever since then, with a glimmer of characters or sequences that were special.30 In 1984, Lasseter went to Lucasfilms computer division under Catmull. In 1986, Steve Jobswho had left Apple Computer the year beforebought the Lucasfilm computer business, then called Pixar, for $10 million.31 Initially, Jobs intended Pixar to be a computer hardware and software company. He spent the next several years subsidizing the company to the tune of nearly $50 million from his personal funds.When the graphics computers did not sell, Jobs cut a third of Pixars staff in 1991 and left only the animation division.32 Jobs said, If I knew in 1986 how much it was going to cost to keep Pixar going, I doubt if I would have bought the company. The problem was, for many years the cost of the computers required to make animation we could sell was tremendously high. Only in the past few years has the price come down to the point that it makes business sense (see Exhibits 4 and 4a).33Software Pixar initially developed three proprietary technologies RenderMan, Marionette, and Ringmaster. In 1989, the company released RenderMan, a software system that applied texture and color to 3-D objects and was used for visual effects. Pixar used RenderMan itself and sold it to Disney, Lucasfilm, Sony, and DreamWorks, which used it to create effects like the dinosaurs in Jurassic Park. The program served as Pixars main source of revenue during the companys early years. As of 2005, it had developed special effects for 100 films, and 44 of the last 47 movies that won the Oscar in visual effects ha d used RenderMan. In 2001, Catmull, along with two other Pixar scientists, won an Oscar for RenderMan and its advancements to the field of motion picture rendering.Marionette, the primary software tool for Pixar animators, was designed specifically for character animation and articulation, compared with other animation software that was designed to address product design and special effects. Ringmaster was a production management system used to track internal projects and served as the overarching system to coordinate and sequence the animation, tracking the vast amount of data employed in a three-dimensional animated film.